关键词: 沉香, 奇楠, 多级提取, 化学成分, 释香

Abstract:

Objective: Agarwood extract is one of the main applications. According to the problem that there are significant differences in the demand for agarwood ingredients in different application fields, this work focused on the main components of agarwood by crude separation during the extraction process, and clarified the incense release behavior of different extracts, aiming to provide references for the directional and efficient utilization of agarwood in specific fields. Method: Taking the traditional agarwood (CX) and new variety Qinan agarwood (QN) as the research objects, three extracts of essential oil, extractum, and alcohol precipitation were obtained by the steam-solvent multi-stage extraction. The main chemical components of CX and QN’s multi-stage extracts were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC-MS) was used to analyze the aroma release rules of CX and QN’s multi-stage extracts at 40?160 ℃. Result: The crude separation of CX and QN sesquiterpenoids and chromones was achieved by the steam and solvent multi-stage extraction. There is little effect on the components of the essential oil obtained by distillation in water and out of water. The relative peak areas of sesquiterpenoids and other small molecules were ≥99%. After distillation, solvent extraction was carried out and the extractum mainly contained chromone, and the relative peak area was ≥90%. The alcohol precipitation method was suitable for CX extract extractum to effectively separate impurities. There were significant differences in the main components and aroma release components between CX and QN. The elemenol and α-santalol were the main component from CX and QN essential oil, respectively. Both of CX and QN had good aroma release ability at low temperatures. The main aroma releasing substances of CX and QN were eucalyptol and (1R,3aR,5aR,9aS)-1,4,4, 7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5a,8, 9-Octahydrocyclopenta [c]benzofuran at 40 ℃, respectively. The types of chromones in CX extractum were relatively richer. The chromone could be dissociated to form small molecule volatile substances at 160 ℃. Both of the number and intensity of CX’s pyrolysis products were significantly higher than those of QN. Conclusion: By multi-stage extraction method, agarwood essential oil rich in sesquiterpenoids, agarwood extract rich in chromones and alcohol precipitation with high impurities were obtained. Essential oil has a good aroma release ability at low temperature, which is suitable for the development of perfumes, daily chemicals and other room temperature fragrance release products. Extractum is suitable for high temperature incense release, and can be developed incense, burning incense and other products. QN extract mainly contains 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone and 2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone, which can be used for monomer separation of the chromone. The active substance of agarwood in alcohol deposition is obviously reduced, and low value products can be developed.

Key words: agarwood, Qinan agarwood, multi-stage extraction, chemical components, aroma releasing