关于“气候智慧林业”研究的思考

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240433

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候智慧林业于2020年之后兴起，是集智慧林业、气候林业和生态林业于一体的协同发展新组合。气候智慧林业是利用智能化和数字驱动的新一代信息与人工智能（AI）技术，通过改变传统的林业科学科研与管理范式，更好地理解森林生态系统与气候变化相互影响的机制；在此基础上，提出基于自然的气候解决方案，实现森林生态系统功能的高效、稳定、可持续目标，最终达到人与自然和谐发展。与传统林业和生态林业相似，气候智慧林业也需要强大的科学研究基础。气候智慧林业研究需要回答的核心科学问题是森林生态系统与气候变化相互影响的机制，其研究方向包括：1）森林生态系统碳汇的监测、计量与核算，以及碳汇对减缓气候变化的时间效应；2）森林生态系统韧性（抵抗力、恢复力、适应力）的形成及其对气候变化和自然干扰的响应机制；3）森林生态系统碳汇的形成、维持与提升机制，包括管理措施和木材生产利用对碳汇的影响、碳汇与其他功能之间的平衡；4）人工智能和多源遥感驱动的森林智能数据采集系统；5）基于信息化+AI和专家决策的气候智慧林业管理系统。加强上述研究，有利于增强森林生态系统韧性，以更好适应气候变化或减缓气候变化的负面影响，提升森林缓解气候变化的能力，为增强森林的多种生态功能与林产品供给能力提供科技支撑。

关键词: 气候智慧林业, 气候变化, 碳汇, 人工智能, 数字孪生, 森林经营

Abstract:

Climate-smart forestry, which has emerged since 2020, is a synergistic development concept that integrates smart forestry, climate forestry, and ecological forestry. Climate-smart forestry, which is promoted by new-generation information and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, aims to change the traditional scientific research and management paradigms of forestry, and better understand and reveal the mechanisms of interactions between forest ecosystems and climate change. On this basis, nature-based climate solutions can be proposed to achieve functional efficiency, stability, and sustainability of forest ecosystem, and ultimately to achieve harmonious development between humans and nature. Similar to the conventional forestry and ecological forestry, the climate-smart forestry also requires scientific research as a fundamental support. The key science question in climate-smart forestry is the mechanisms of the interaction between forest ecosystems and climate change. The main research directions should include: 1) Monitoring, measurement, and estimation of forest ecosystem carbon sequestration, as well as the temporal effects of carbon sinks on mitigating climate change. 2) The formation of resilience (resistance, recovery, adaptability) in forest ecosystems and their response mechanisms to climate change and natural disturbances. 3) The mechanisms of carbon sequestration formation, maintenance, and enhancement in forest ecosystems, including the impact of forest management and timber production on carbon sequestration, and the balance between carbon sequestration and other functions. 4) AI and active remote sensing-driven intelligent systems for forest data collection. 5) Climate-smart forestry management system based on informatization, AI and expert decision-making. Strengthening the climate-smart forestry research is beneficial for enhancing the resilience of forest ecosystems to better adapt to climate change or mitigate the negative impacts of climate change, as well as improving the ability of forests to mitigate climate change, and promoting the multiple ecological functions of forests and the provision capacity of forest products.

Key words: climate-smart forestry, climate change, carbon sink, artificial intelligence, digital twin, forest management

中图分类号:

S718.55

朱教君,王高峰,张怀清,高添. 关于“气候智慧林业”研究的思考[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(7): 1-7.

Jiaojun Zhu,G. Geoff Wang,Huaiqing Zhang,Tian Gao. On the Research of Climate-Smart Forestry[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(7): 1-7.

图/表 2

表1

3种林业发展范式概述与对比"

类型 Type	概述 Concept	关注的生态服务 Ecosystem service	一级学科 First?level discipline
传统林业 Conventional forestry	通过森林经营和管理，提供林产品，承担林产品供给的重要任务，终极目标为木材生产的高效、稳定、可持续；其严重不足是忽视木材生产以外的服务功能 The industry that provides forest products through practice and management is tasked with the significant responsibility of supplying forest products. Its ultimate goal is to achieve efficient, stable, and sustainable timber production, while its major drawback is the neglect of other ecosystem services besides timber production	林产品（主要为木材）供给 Forest product (timber) provision	林学、林业工程 Forestry, forestry engineering
生态林业 Ecological forestry	基于传统林业的不合理利用和自然干扰引发的森林资源衰竭和生态问题，在维持和增强生态系统完整性、生物多样性和恢复力基础上，进行森林资源的可持续管理和利用，提供公益服务和林产品，并维持其高效、稳定、可持续 In response to deforestation and ecological problems caused by unreasonable use of traditional forestry and natural disturbances, sustainable management and utilization of forest resources are carried out on the basis of maintaining and enhancing ecosystem integrity, biodiversity, and resilience, providing public services and forest products, and ensuring their efficiency, stability, and sustainability	土壤保持、防风固沙、水源涵养、碳汇、林产品供给等多种服务 Soil retention, windbreak and sand fixation, water retention, carbon sink, forest product (timber) provision, etc.	林学、林业工程、生态学、计算机科学与技术Forestry, forestry engineering, ecology, computer science and technology
气候智慧林业 Climate-smart forestry	全球气候变化背景下，利用新一代信息技术尤其是人工智能（AI）技术，更好理解森林生态系统与气候变化相互影响的机制，服务森林资源管理和可持续利用 In the context of global climate change, we aim to use next?generation information and artificial intelligence technologies to better understand the mutual influences between forest ecosystems and climate change. This will enable the intelligent management and sustainable utilization of forest resources	以缓解气候变化为核心的生态服务，主要为森林碳汇，兼顾其他生态服务Climate change mitigation is considered as the primary ecosystem service, primarily through forest carbon sinks, while also considering other ecosystem services	林学、林业工程、生态学、计算机科学与技术、大气科学、电子信息Forestry, forestry engineering, ecology, computer science and technology atmospheric science, electronic information

表1

图1

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