毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳区域分异及影响因素

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220894

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 在我国北、中和南亚热带研究毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳的垂直分布规律和纬度分布格局，揭示其区域分异的主要影响因素，为毛竹林固碳增汇、经营管理和土壤有机碳库稳定性维持提供科学依据。方法: 通过实地调查和试验分析揭示亚热带不同区域毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳含量沿土层和纬度的变化规律，运用地理探测器中因子探测、交互探测和风险探测分析土壤易氧化有机碳区域分异的影响因素。结果: 1）不同区域的毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳含量均随土层加深而降低，但其占总有机碳的比例均随土层加深而升高；0~60 cm土层的易氧化有机碳含量表现为北亚热带（5.16 g·kg^?1）>南亚热带（4.86 g·kg^?1）>中亚热带（4.56 g·kg^?1），土壤碳库稳定性随纬度降低而降低。2）年均气温对毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳含量变化的解释程度最高，q值为0.376~0.452；其次为海拔（q=0.392，P<0.001）；林分因子中凋落物厚度对不同土层的易氧化有机碳含量影响显著，毛竹林生物量对30~60 cm 土层的易氧化有机碳含量的影响较显著（q=0.308，P<0.01）。3）各因子间交互效应均表现为协同作用，毛竹林生物量与凋落物厚度交互作用在0~10 cm土层最强（q=0.704）；毛竹林生物量与年均气温交互效应在10~30和30~60 cm土层最强，q值分别为0.601和0.732，均为较强的非线性增强作用。4）易氧化有机碳含量在部分年均气温范围之间存在显著差异，以年均气温17~19 ℃时最高（5.03~12.39 g·kg^?1）、15~17 ℃时最低（2.69~6.20 g·kg^?1）；各土层易氧化有机碳含量在海拔700~900 m时均为最高；毛竹林生物量为75~90 t· hm^?2时，0~10 cm土层易氧化有机碳含量达最高。结论: 总体而言，毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳含量均随土层加深而降低，其占总有机碳含量的比例呈现北亚热带<中亚热带<南亚热带的纬度分布格局，因而在低纬度地区应实施轻扰经营技术，减少土壤扰动从而提高毛竹林土壤有机碳的稳定性。年均气温和海拔是影响毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳含量的关键因子，毛竹林生物量对各土层易氧化有机碳含量均具有不同程度的影响且与气候、地形因子协同作用明显，气候、地形与林分状况的单因子作用及其交互效应共同主导着毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳含量的区域分异特征。本研究为毛竹林土壤活性有机碳稳定性维持及固碳增汇潜力发挥提供了科学依据。

关键词: 易氧化有机碳, 区域分异特征, 影响因素, 地理探测器, 毛竹林

Abstract:

Objective: The vertical and latitudinal distribution of soil easily-oxidized organic carbon (EOC) in the north subtropical, middle subtropical , and south subtropical regions of Phyllostachys edulis forests were studied to reveal the main influencing factors of its regional differentiation, which provided scientific basis for carbon sequestration, management , and stability of soil organic carbon pool in P. edulis forests. Method: Through field investigation and experimental analysis, the variation rules of soil easily-oxidized organic carbon content along soil layer and latitude was revealed. Factor detection, interaction detection and risk detection of geodetector were used to analyze the factors affecting the regional differentiation of soil easily-oxidized organic carbon. Result: 1) Soil easily-oxidized organic carbon content of P. edulis forests decreases with deepening of soil layers in each region, but its proportion to total soil organic carbon increased with the deepening of soil layer. Easily-oxidized organic carbon contents of 0?60 cm soil layer of northern subtropical P. edulis forests (5.16 g·kg^?1) was higher than that in the middle (4.56 g·kg^?1) and southern (4.86 g·kg^?1) subtropics. The stability of soil carbon pool decreased with decreasing latitude. 2) Mean annual temperature (MAT) was the most important factor in explaining soil easily-oxidized organic carbon of P. edulis forests, with q values ranging from 0.376 to 0.452, followed by elevation (q=0.392, P<0.001). Among the stand factors, the litter thickness had significant effects on soil easily-oxidized organic carbon in different soil layers, and stand biomass of P. edulis had a significant effect on easily-oxidized organic carbon for 30?60 cm soil layer. (q=0.308, P<0.01). 3) The interaction effects between all factors were synergistic. The interaction between stand biomass and litter thickness for 0?10 cm layer was the strongest (q=0.704). The interaction between stand biomass and mean annual temperature was the strongest for 10?30 cm and 30?60 cm soil layers, and the q values were 0.601 and 0.732, respectively. Both of them showing non-linear enhancement. 4) Soil easily-oxidized organic carbon contents was significantly different between different mean annual temperature ranges and was highest at 17?19 ℃ (5.03?12.39 g·kg^?1) and lowest at 15?17 ℃ (2.69?6.20 g·kg^?1). Soil easily-oxidized organic carbon contents was highest in each soil layer at elevation of 700?900 m. The highest easily-oxidized organic carbon contents was reached at a layer of 0?10 cm when stand biomass was 75?90 t·hm^?2. Conclusion: The content of easily-oxidized organic carbon in the soil of the P. edulis forests decreased with the deepening of the soil layer, and its proportion in the total soil organic carbon content showed the latitudinal distribution of north subtropics < middle subtropics < south subtropics. Therefore, forest management with slight disturbance should be implemented in the lower latitudes to reduce soil disturbance and improve the stability of soil organic carbon in the P. edulis forests. Mean annual temperature and elevation were the key factors influencing soil easily-oxidized organic carbon of P. edulis forests. Stand biomass also had significant effects on the easily-oxidized organic carbon in each soil layer and there were significant synergistic effects with climate and topography factors. The single-factor effects of climate, topography, stand condition and their interaction effects together dominated the spatial variation of soil easily-oxidized organic carbon in P. edulis forests at regional level. A scientific basis was provided for the stability of soil active organic carbon and the potential of carbon sequestration.

Key words: easily-oxidized organic carbon, regional differentiation characteristics, influencing factors, geodetector, Phyllostachys edulis forests

中图分类号:

S718.5

张翱,李文婷,王天祥,武耀星,雷刚,漆良华. 毛竹林土壤易氧化有机碳区域分异及影响因素[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(6): 1-12.

Ao Zhang,Wenting Li,Tianxiang Wang,Yaoxing Wu,Gang Lei,Lianghua Qi. Regional Differentiation and It’s Influencing Factors of Soil Easily-oxidized Organic Carbon in Subtropical Phyllostachys edulis Forests[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(6): 1-12.

图/表 7

表1

样地基本概况"

区域 Region	采样地点 Sample site	样地编号 Sample plot No.	经度Longitude	纬度 Latitude	年均气温 Mean annual temperature/℃	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation/mm	海拔Elevation/m	坡度 Slope/(°)	坡位 Slope position	坡向 Slope orientation	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height/cm	平均竹高 Mean bamboo height/m	林分密度 Stand density/ hm^?2
北亚热带Northern subtropics	河南信阳 Xinyang, Henan	1	114°4′32″	31°49′5″	17.47	910	480	28	中Middle	东北Northeast	6.86±1.92	11.16±2.45	6 325
		2	114°4′36″	31°49′3″			500	39	上Up	北 North	4.76±1.48	7.05±1.50	4 525
		3	114°4′36″	31°49′6″			540	28	下Down	西南Southwest	7.61±1.71	10.78±1.92	3 625
		4	114°4′22″	31°49′4″			440	5	下Down	西北Northwest	8.52±1.84	10.89±1.98	4 725
	浙江安吉Anji, Zhejiang	5	119°40′34″	30°34′25″	14.83	942.5	110	46	下Down	西 West	8.83±1.90	9.27±1.79	3 275
		6	119°36′09″	30°32′19″			290	31	上Up	北 North	8.89±2.00	9.18±1.95	2 300
		7	119°34′45″	30°28′36″			370	48	上Up	东 East	7.51±1.51	8.46±1.47	2 650
		8	119°34′50″	30°28′40″			720	22	中Middle	南 South	7.50±1.17	9.11±1.72	2 300
中亚热带 Middlen subtropics	四川长宁 Changning, Sichuan	9	105°1′19″	28°27′44″	14.20	1 144.4	900	4	上Up	东 East	9.27±1.49	12.31±1.40	5 250
		10	105°0′46″	28°27′36″			890	3	上Up	西南Southwest	9.32±1.44	12.59±1.77	4 300
		11	105°1′13″	28°28′17″			875	1	上Up	西南Southwest	9.20±1.30	13.94±1.69	3 150
		12	105°1′35″	28°27′51″			845	3	上Up	东 East	8.75±1.42	13.41±2.46	4 075
	湖南桃江 Taojiang, Hunan	13	112°5′29″	28°19′36″	16.51	1 175.0	240	29	中Middle	东 East	12.17±1.85	13.89±1.59	2 900
		14	112°4′58″	28°19′25″			290	5	上Up	东 East	9.37±1.96	12.46±2.46	2 875
		15	112°4′11″	28°19′47″			300	28	上Up	东南Southeast	11.08±1.57	16.51±1.61	3 075
		16	112°4′03″	28°19′40″			180	43	中Middle	西 West	10.27±2.09	14.04±2.15	3 025
南亚热带Southern subtropics	惠州龙门 Longmen,Huizhou	17	113°50′54″	23°38′20″	20.05	1 490.8	550	35	下Down	东南Southeast	8.79±1.73	13.28±1.95	4 150
		18	113°51′28″	23°38′07″			530	37	中Middle	北 North	9.78±1.64	14.69±1.78	3 850
		19	113°50′50″	23°37′55″			590	14	下Down	北 North	9.59±1.65	15.05±2.03	2 850
		20	113°50′34″	23°38′03″			540	16	下Down	南 South	8.91±1.52	14.63±1.77	4 000
	广州从化Conghua, Guangzhou	21	113°48′02″	23°44′22″	20.2	1 510.2	190	4	上Up	东 East	8.52±1.73	12.49±1.82	4 300
		22	113°48′01″	23°44′22″			260	19	中Middle	北 North	8.53±1.56	12.79±1.68	3 875
		23	113°48′23″	23°44′12″			340	18	中Middle	北 NorthN	7.08±2.61	11.89±1.89	3 975
		24	113°48′25″	23°43′41″			380	30	中Middle	东北Northeast	8.07±1.88	13.41±2.63	2 525

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图1

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作用类型Interaction type	q值比较Comparation of q value
非线性增强Nonlinear enhancement	q(X₁∩X₂)>q(X₁)+q(X₂)
独立Independence	q(X₁∩X₂) =q(X₁)+q(X₂)
双因子增强Bifactor enhancement	q(X₁∩X₂)>Max［q(X₁), q(X₂)］
单因子非线性减弱Single-factor nonlinear antagonism	Min［q(X₁), q(X₂) ］< q(X₁∩X₂)<Max［q(X₁),q(X₂)］
非线性减弱Nonlinear antagonism	q(X₁∩X₂)<Min［q(X₁), q(X₂)］

土层 Soil layer/cm	北亚热带 Northern subtropics	中亚热带 Middles subtropics	南亚热带 Southern subtropics
0~10	7.99 ± 0.42Aa	8.85 ± 1.10Aa	7.72 ± 0.53Aa
10~30	5.24 ± 0.41Ab	5.08 ± 0.67Ab	5.31 ± 0.62Ab
30~60	4.16 ± 0.31Ab	2.78 ± 0.45Bb	3.60 ± 0.47ABc
0~60	5.16 ± 0.29A	4.56 ± 0.54B	4.86 ± 0.37B

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