数字经济发展、森林生态产品价值实现与城乡收入差距

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230570

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究数字经济发展、森林生态产品价值实现与城乡收入差距之间的关系及其作用机制，为数字生态融合发展推动城乡收入差距缩小提供科学依据。方法: 基于浙江省11个地级市2011—2020年的面板数据，运用中介效应模型和交互效应模型探讨数字经济发展、森林生态产品价值实现及其二者交互项对城乡收入差距的影响效应及其作用机制。结果: 1）数字经济发展和森林生态产品价值实现均能显著缩小城乡收入差距。2）中介效应模型和交互效应模型分析结果表明，数字经济发展水平可通过提升森林生态产品价值实现效率缩小城乡收入差距，其缩小城乡收入差距的中介效应达到总效应的11.76%；在二者交互作用下，数字生态融合发展对缩小城乡收入差距的影响效应呈增强态势。3）机制分析结果表明，森林生态产品价值实现效率通过增加非农就业人数缩小城乡收入差距。4）异质性分析结果表明，数字经济发展水平的3个维度（数字化人才、数字化产业和数字化应用）均可有效缩小城乡收入差距，但其中仅数字化产业可通过提升森林生态产品价值实现效率缩小城乡收入差距。数字经济发展水平、森林生态产品价值实现效率以及二者交互项对浙西南地区及城乡收入差距大的地区在缩小城乡收入差距方面的影响更大。结论: 在全面推进数字乡村建设过程中，要不断强化数字经济与林业生产过程的深度融合，实现森林生态产品价值实现与缩小城乡收入差距同步协调发展。培养和吸引数字化人才，推动数字化技术研发和应用，提升数字技术支持农村居民林业生产效能，充分发挥数字经济发展促进森林生态产品价值实现及缩小城乡收入差距的作用。实施动态化、差异化的数字经济发展策略，针对城乡收入差距较大的山区和农村地区，强化其数字基础设施建设，让其充分发挥“数字红利”推动森林生态产品价值实现效率与农村居民林业收入可持续协调增长的“后发力量”。

关键词: 数字经济, 森林生态产品, 价值实现效率, 城乡收入差距, 中介效应, 交互效应

Abstract:

Objective: This study investigates the relationship and mechanisms among the digital economy development, the value realization of forest ecological products, and the urban-rural income gap. The aim is to provide a scientific foundation for promoting equitable urban-rural income through the integrated development of the digital ecological. Method: Based on panel data from 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province between 2011 and 2020, this study employs mediation effect models and interaction effect models to investigate the impact and mechanisms of the effects of the digital economic development, value realization of forest ecological products, and their interaction terms on the urban-rural income gap. Result: 1) Both the digital economic development and the value realization of forest ecological products can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap. 2) Results from the analysis of mediation and interaction effects indicate that the level of digital economic development can diminish the urban-rural income gap by enhancing the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products. The mediating effect of reducing the urban-rural income gap reached 11.76% of the total effect. Moreover, under their interaction, the combined digital ecological demonstrates an intensified effect in narrowing the urban-rural income gap. 3) Analysis of the working mechanism reveals that the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products contributes to narrowing the urban-rural income gap by increasing non-agricultural employment. 4) Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the three dimensions of digital economic development ( digital talent, digital industry, and digital application) effectively reduce the urban-rural income gap. However, only the digital industry dimension can reduce the urban-rural income gap by enhancing the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products. The impact of the level of digital economic development, the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products, and their interaction is greater in areas with larger urban-rural income gaps, particularly in the southwestern Zhejiang. Conclusion: During the comprehensive advancement of rural digitization, there should be continuous efforts to strengthen the deep integration between the digital economy and forestry production processes. This aims to achieve synchronous and coordinated development between the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products and the narrowing of the urban-rural income gap. The strategy involves nurturing and attracting digital talent, promoting research and application of digital technologies, and enhancing the efficiency of digital technology in supporting rural residents’ forestry production. This approach maximizes the role of digital economic development in facilitating the value realization of forest ecological products and reducing the urban-rural income gap. Implementing dynamic and diversified strategies for digital economic development, particularly in mountainous and rural areas with significant urban-rural income gap, involves strengthening their digital infrastructure. This strategy enables them to leverage the “digital dividend” to drive efficient realization of forest ecological products value and sustainable, coordinated growth in rural residents’ forestry income, acting as a subsequent force for development.

Key words: digital economy, forest ecological products, value relazation efficiency, urban-rural income gap, mediation effect, interaction effect

中图分类号:

孔凡斌,陆雨,徐彩瑶. 数字经济发展、森林生态产品价值实现与城乡收入差距[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(5): 1-21.

Fanbin Kong,Yu Lu,Caiyao Xu. Digital Economy Development, Value Realization of Forest Ecological Products, and Urban-Rural Income Gap[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(5): 1-21.

图/表 13

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表7

数字经济发展不同维度异质性回归结果①"

变量 Variables	（1）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap	（2）森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products	（3）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap
数字化人才 Digital talent	?0.013 0^*** (0.004 7)	0.336 6^*** (0.106 8)	?0.012 2^** (0.004 9)
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products			?0.002 3 (0.004 3)
常数项 Constant	0.611 6^*** (0.055 3)	?4.331 5^*** (1.265 9)	0.601 4^*** (0.058 6)
控制变量 Control variable	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
城市固定效应 Urban fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
年份固定效应 Year fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
样本量 Sample	110	110	110
R²	0.761 8	0.445 6	0.762 5

变量 Variables	（4）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap	（5）森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products	（6）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap
数字化产业 Digital industry	?0.010 5^*** (0.004 1)	0.271 2^*** (0.086 0)	?0.009 9^** (0.003 9)
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products			?0.004 1^** (0.001 6)
常数项 Constant	0.611 6^*** (0.055 3)	?4.331 5^*** (1.265 9)	0.601 4^*** (0.058 6)
控制变量 Control variable	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
城市固定效应 Urban fixed effects,	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
年份固定效应 Year fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
样本量 Sample	110	110	110
R²	0.761 8	0.445 6	0.762 5

变量 Variables	（7）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap	（8）森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products	（9）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap
数字化应用 Digital application	?0.041 6^*** (0.014 9)	1.073 9^*** (0.340 7)	?0.024 1^*** (0.005 2)
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products			?0.002 3 (0.004 3)
常数项 Constant	0.611 6^*** (0.055 3)	?4.3315^*** (1.2659)	0.601 4^*** (0.058 6)
控制变量 Control variable	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
城市固定效应 Urban fixed effects,	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
年份固定效应 Year fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
样本量 Sample	110	110	110
R²	0.761 8	0.445 6	0.762 5

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目标层 Target level	一级指标 Primary index	二级指标 Secondary index	指标属性 Indicator attributes	权重 Weights
数字经济发展水平 Level of the digital economy development	数字化人才 Digital talent	邮电相关从业人员数占比 Proportion of employees in the postal and telecommunications-related field	+	0.166 9
	数字化人才 Digital talent	计算机服务和软件业从业人员数占比 Percentage of employees in computer services and software industry	+	0.224 5
	数字化产业 Digital industry	邮政业务总量占GDP比重 Proportion of total postal services to GDP	+	0.384 0
	数字化产业 Digital industry	电信业务总量占GDP比重 Proportion of total telecommunications services to GDP	+	0.101 9
	数字化应用 Digital application	每万人移动电话用户数量 Number of mobile phone users per ten thousand people	+	0.056 4
	数字化应用 Digital application	每万人互联网用户数量 Number of internet users per ten thousand people	+	0.066 3

指标类型 Indicator type	一级指标 Primary index	二级指标 Secondary index	三级指标 Tertiary index	计算方法 Calculation methods
投入指标 Input	森林生态产品总值 Total forest ecological products value	物质产品价值 Material product value	林产品价值 Forest products value	市场价值法 Market valuation approach
		调节服务价值 Regulating service value	水源涵养价值 Value of water conservation	市场价值法 Market valuation approach
			固碳释氧价值 Value of carbon sequestration and oxygen release	替代成本法 Opportunity cost method
			土壤保持价值 Value of soil conservation	影子价值法 Shadow pricing method
			气候调节价值 Value of climate regulation	替代成本法 Opportunity cost method
		文化服务价值 Cultural service value	森林休憩价值 Value of forest recreation	旅行费用法 Travel cost method
	物质资本 Physical capital	林业固定资产投资 Forestry fixed asset investment		统计法 Statistical method
	劳动力 Labor	有效劳动力 Effective labor force
	林地面积 Forest land area	林地面积 Forest land area
产出指标 Output	林业产业总增加值 Total added value of the forestry industry	林业第一产业增加产值 Added value of the primary industry in forestry		统计法 Statistical method
		林业第二产业增加产值 Added value of the secondary industry in forestry
		林业第三产业增加产值 Added value of the tertiary industry in forestry

变量类型 Variable types	变量名称 Variable name	观测数 Observations	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
被解释变量 Dependent variable	泰尔指数 Theil index	110	0.044 5	0.019 9	0.017 5	0.129 6
核心解释变量 Independent variable	数字经济发展水平 Level of digital economic development	110	5.130 4	0.755 2	2.725 9	5.829 0
核心解释变量 Independent variable	森林生态产品价值实现效率 Efficiency of forest ecological product value realization	110	0.637 5	0.327 5	0.127 6	2.125 4
机制变量 Mediating variable	非农就业人数 Non-farm employment number	110	5.009 0	0.699 4	3.409 5	5.980 3
控制变量 Control variable	经济增长水平 Level of economic growth	110	11.191 9	0.328 7	10.330 2	11.824 9
	地区开放度水平 Level of regional openness	110	0.496 7	0.267 6	0.155 8	1.271 8
	城镇化率 Urbanization rate	110	0.642 2	0.078 1	0.448 0	0.832 9
	社会保障水平 Level of social security	110	56.722 0	49.782 1	6.201 2	253.153 9
	林业固定资产投资 Fixed asset investment in forestry	110	7.334 6	5.057 9	0.267 7	27.634 3
	财政支农力度 Financial support for agriculture	110	52.667 7	21.613 4	13.370 3	109.601 4

变量 Variables	被解释变量：城乡收入差距 Dependent variable: urban-rural income gap
变量 Variables	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）	（5）	（6）
数字经济发展水平 Level of digital economic development	?0.014 1^*** (0.001 0)	?0.005 1^*** (0.002 0)			?0.011 5^*** (0.002 0)	?0.004 8^** (0.001 9)
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products			?0.033 5^*** (0.006 8)	?0.008 4^*** (0.001 9)	?0.024 1^*** (0.003 5)	?0.002 3^** (0.011 5)
经济增长水平 Level of economic growth		?0.049 2^*** (0.010 9)		?0.045 2^*** (0.013 1)		?0.049 2^*** (0.005 7)
地区开放度水平 Level of regional openness		?0.002 4 (0.008 6)		?0.016 2^** (0.006 7)		?0.001 9 (0.005 6)
城镇化率 Urbanization rate		0.014 7 (0.044 1)		?0.044 7 (0.047 4)		0.008 5 (0.017 1)
社会保障水平 Level of social security		0.000 1^* (0.000 1)		0.000 2^*** (0.000 1)		0.000 1^** (0.000 0)
林业固定资产投资 Fixed asset investment in forestry		0.000 4 (0.000 5)		?0.000 1 (0.000 4)		0.000 3 (0.000 2)
财政支农力度 Financial support for agriculture		?0.000 2^* (0.000 1)		?0.000 4^*** (0.000 1)		?0.000 1 (0.000 1)
常数项 Constant	0.065 5^*** (0.004 4)	0.596 0^*** (0.134 4)	0.116 8^*** (0.005 2)	0.394 1^*** (0.087 0)	0.116 8^*** (0.005 2)	0.392 0^*** (0.086 2)
城市固定效应 Urban fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
年份固定效应 Year fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
样本量 Sample	110	110	110	110	110	110
R²	0.199 8	0.700 4	0.671 5	0.755 5	0.671 7	0.762 7

变量 Variables	主效应 Main effect	中介效应 Mediation effect		交互效应 Interaction effect
变量 Variables	（1）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap	（2）森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products	（3）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap	（4）城乡收入差距 Urban-rural income gap
数字经济发展水平 Level of digital economic development	?0.005 1^*** (0.001 8)	0.131 8^*** (0.041 8)	?0.004 5^** (0.002 0)	?0.006 8^*** (0.002 1)
森林生态产品价值实现效率 Value realization efficiency of forest ecological products			?0.004 6^*** (0.001 7)	?0.022 9^** (0.009 6)
交互项 Interaction term				0.017 1^*** (0.004 9)
经济增长水平 Level of economic growth	?0.049 2^*** (0.005 6)	0.029 0 (0.199 2)	?0.036 0^*** (0.008 9)	?0.049 2^*** (0.005 7)
地区开放度水平 Level of regional openness, Urbanization rate	?0.002 4 (0.005 5)	0.243 4^* (0.126 0)	?0.003 5 (0.005 7)	?0.001 9 (0.005 3)
城镇化率 Urbanization rate,	?0.002 5 (0.021 5)	0.249 2 (0.477 8)	?0.004 4 (0.021 3)	0.008 5 (0.017 1)
社会保障水平 Level of social security	0.000 1^* (0.000 0)	?0.001 5 (0.001 3)	0.000 1^* (0.000 1)	0.000 1^** (0.000 0)
林业固定资产投资 Fixed asset investment in forestry	0.000 1 (0.000 2)	?0.004 8 (0.005 4)	0.000 2 (0.000 2)	0.000 3 (0.000 2)
财政支农力度 Financial support for agriculture	?0.000 1 (0.000 1)	?0.003 8 (0.002 6)	?0.000 1 (0.000 1)	?0.000 1 (0.000 1)
常数项 Constant	0.611 6^*** (0.055 3)	?0.139 7 (2.110 1)	0.457 3^*** (0.093 9)	0.516 5^*** (0.088 7)
样本量 Sample	110	110	110	110
R²	0.761 8	0.600 8	0.787 3	0.817 7