林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (8): 33-42.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210804
袁金梅1,2,罗靖1,2,朱琳琳1,2,席婉1,2,曾旭梅1,2,熊康舜1,2,王彩云1,2,郑日如1,2,*
收稿日期:
2020-05-11
出版日期:
2021-08-25
发布日期:
2021-09-30
通讯作者:
郑日如
基金资助:
Jinmei Yuan1,2,Jing Luo1,2,Linlin Zhu1,2,Wan Xi1,2,Xumei Zeng1,2,Kangshun Xiong1,2,Caiyun Wang1,2,Riru Zheng1,2,*
Received:
2020-05-11
Online:
2021-08-25
Published:
2021-09-30
Contact:
Riru Zheng
摘要:
目的: 明确不同桂花品种的主要游离态和糖苷态香气物质,为桂花的产业应用提供理论依据。方法: 选取3个栽培广泛且香味典型的桂花品种‘晚银桂’、‘潢川金桂’和‘橙红丹桂’的未展期、半展开期、完全展开期和枯萎期花瓣为材料,采用有机溶剂萃取、Amberlite XAD-2树脂吸附洗脱分离结合糖苷酶水解法分别提取游离态和糖苷态香气物质,再通过气相色谱质谱技术(GC-MS)对香气物质进行成分鉴定和定量分析。结果: 1)3个品种共检测出25种游离态香气物质、28种糖苷态香气物质,包括单萜、单萜醇、单萜酮、单萜氧化物、芳香族类化合物、酯类、烷烃类和其他物质。糖苷态香气物质的含量显著高于游离态香气物质。大量单萜类香气物质经过氧化、羟化后易连接糖基,形成无色无香的糖苷态香气物质。2)桂花的游离态和糖苷态香气物质会随着花期变化不断积累,游离态物质在花瓣完全展开期含量达到最大值,而糖苷态香气物质在开花末期含量达到最大值。3)3个品种的香气物质成分相似但是含量差异显著。‘晚银桂’和‘潢川金桂’的游离态香气物质主要为反式-β-紫罗酮、γ-癸内酯、8-羟基芳樟醇,糖苷态香气物质主要是4-羟基-苯乙醇、4-羟基-β-紫罗酮和3-氧代-α-紫罗醇。‘橙红丹桂’的游离态香气物质主要为γ-癸内酯、芳樟醇氧化物和4-羟基苯乙醇,糖苷态香气物质主要为4-羟基苯乙醇、3-氧代-α-紫罗醇和8-羟基芳樟醇。综合分析,‘晚银桂’和‘潢川金桂’中富含类胡萝卜素裂解产物紫罗酮及其衍生物,而‘橙红丹桂’则富含芳樟醇及其衍生物,类胡萝卜素是否裂解是造成品种间香气差异的重要因素。4)3个品种的游离态和糖苷态香气物质中的芳樟醇及其衍生物、紫罗酮及其衍生物和γ-癸内酯和香叶基丙酮均为重要的香气活性物质,具有花香、果香等香味特质,对花卉产品的香味浓郁度和香型起到重要作用。结论: 桂花的非挥发态香气物质即游离态和糖苷态种类和含量丰富,品种间存在较大差异,其中富含的单萜及其衍生物、酯类物质和芳香族化合物可以通过添加水解酶和溶剂萃取的方法加以提取和释放,从而提升花卉产品的香味品质。
中图分类号:
袁金梅,罗靖,朱琳琳,席婉,曾旭梅,熊康舜,王彩云,郑日如. 3个桂花品种花瓣游离态和糖苷态香气成分[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(8): 33-42.
Jinmei Yuan,Jing Luo,Linlin Zhu,Wan Xi,Xumei Zeng,Kangshun Xiong,Caiyun Wang,Riru Zheng. Free and Glycosylated Aroma Components in Petals of Three Osmanthus fragrans Cultivars[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(8): 33-42.
表1
桂花‘晚银桂’、‘潢川金桂’和‘橙红丹桂’花瓣完全展开期(S3)游离态萜类香气物质种类与含量①"
游离态香气物质 Free aroma compounds | 鉴定方法 Detection methods | 保留指数 Retention index(RI) | 含量Content/(μg·g-1 FW) | ||
‘晚银桂’ ‘Wan Yingui’ | ‘潢川金桂’ ‘Huangchuan Jingui’ | ‘橙红丹桂’ ‘Chenghong Dangui’ | |||
单萜Monoterpenes | 4.54±1.06 a | 2.19±0.22 b | 0.15±0.01 c | ||
D-柠檬烯D-Limonene | M, R | 1 018 | 3.42±1.02 a | 2.19±0.22 a | 0.07±0.01 b |
顺式-β-罗勒烯Cis-β-Ocimene | M, R, C | 1 030 | 0.12±0.04 a | — | 0.08±0.00 a |
单萜醇Monoterpene alcohols | 30.34±7.12 a | 25.84±3.5 ab | 21.92±1.58 b | ||
芳樟醇Linalool | M, R, C | 1 094 | 5.48±0.83 a | 4.59±0.28 a | 6.71±0.49 a |
2, 6-二甲基-3, 7-辛二烯-2, 6-二醇 3, 7-Octadiene-2, 6-diol, 2, 6-dimethyl | M, R | 1 185 | 3.24±0.55 a | 4.97±0.59 a | — |
2, 6-二甲基-1, 7-辛二烯-2, 6-二醇 1, 7-Octadiene-2, 6-diol, 2, 6-dimethyl | M, R | 1 191 | 4.62±0.72 b | 2.51±0.30 b | 6.86±0.50 a |
2, 6-二甲基-1, 7-辛二烯-3, 6-二醇 1, 7-Octadiene-2, 6-diol, 3, 6-dimethyl | M, R | 1 256 | 8.93±2.44 b | 13.63±2.20 a | — |
3-氧代-α-紫罗醇3-Oxo-α-ionol | M, R | 1 645 | 1.23±0.45 a | 0.09±0.12 b | — |
二氢-3-氧代-β-紫罗醇Dihydro-3-oxo-β-ionol | M, R | 1 709 | 6.84±2.13 a | 0.05±0.01 b | 8.35±0.59 a |
单萜酮Monoterpene ketones | 135.52±16.89 a | 104.19±13.71 b | 13.08±2.36 c | ||
香叶基丙酮Geranyl acetone | M, R | 1 459 | 10.52±2.78 a | 8.91±3.04 a | — |
α-紫罗酮α-Ionone | M, R, C | 1 423 | 15.74±1.95 a | 6.13±0.28 b | — |
二氢-β-紫罗酮Dihydro-β-ionone | M, R, C | 1 434 | 10.41±2.64 a | 3.35±0.03 b | — |
反式-β-紫罗酮trans-β-Ionone | M, R, C | 1 483 | 93.44±9.52 a | 84.11±8.67 b | 13.08±2.36 a |
4-羟基-β-紫罗酮4-Hydroxy-β-ionone | M, R | 1 664 | 5.41±0.54 a | 1.69±0.22 b | — |
单萜氧化物Monoterpene oxides | 24.18±7.53 b | 37.7±2.64 a | 31.02±1.51 a | ||
顺式氧化芳樟醇(呋喃型) cis-Linalool oxide(furan) | M, R, C | 1 063 | 0.18±0.04 a | 0.08±0.04 a | 0.13±0.01 a |
反式氧化芳樟醇(呋喃型) trans-Linalool oxide(furan) | M, R, C | 1 079 | 0.13±0.05 b | 0.09±0.05 b | 2.43±0.11 a |
顺式氧化芳樟醇(吡喃型) cis-Linalool oxide(pyran) | M, R, C | 1 169 | 0.12±0.04 b | 0.32±0.18 | 9.58±0.20 a |
反式氧化芳樟醇(吡喃型) trans-Linalool oxide(pyran) | M, R, C | 1 164 | 0.98±0.23 b | 1.20±0.01 b | 5.66±0.12 a |
反式8-羟基芳樟醇 trans-8-Hydroxy-linalool | M, R | 1 351 | 14.55±4.76 b | 36.01±2.46 a | 3.57±0.31 c |
顺式8-羟基芳樟醇 cis-8-Hydroxy-linalool | M, R | 1 370 | 5.22±2.41 b | — | 9.65±0.67 a |
单萜及其衍生物总计 Total monoterpenes and derivatives | 194.58±32.6 b | 254.03±20.17 a | 66.17±5.46 c |
表2
桂花‘晚银桂’、‘潢川金桂’和‘橙红丹桂’花瓣完全展开期(S3)糖苷态萜类香气物质种类及含量"
糖苷态香气物质 Glycosylated aroma compounds | 鉴定方法 Detection methods | 保留指数 Retention index(RI) | 含量Content/(μg·g-1 FW) | ||
‘晚银桂’ ‘Wan Yingui’ | ‘潢川金桂’ ‘Huangchuan Jingui’ | ‘橙红丹桂’ ‘Cheng hong Dangui’ | |||
单萜醇Monoterpene alcohols | 139.04±18.78 a | 99.41±7.07 b | 51.63±5.15 c | ||
芳樟醇Linalool | M, R | 1 094 | 3.22±0.43 a | 2.17±0.18 a | 0.50±0.01 b |
2, 6-二甲基-3,7 -辛二烯-2, 6-二醇3, 7-Octadiene-2, 6-diol, 2, 6-dimethyl | M, R | 1 185 | 1.23±0.75 b | 3.96±0.26 a | — |
3-氧代-α-紫罗醇3-Oxo-α-ionol | M, R | 1 645 | 76.42±9.64 a | 32.58±2.86 b | 25.29±2.76 b |
二氢-3-氧代-β-紫罗醇Dihydro-3-oxo-β-ionol | M, R | 1 709 | 56.82±7.42 a | 60.70±3.77 a | 22.06±1.76 b |
反式-香叶醇trans-Geraniol | M, R | 1 261 | 1.35±0.54 b | — | 3.78±0.62 a |
单萜酮Monoterpene ketones | 226.72±21.5 a | 100.43±6.04 b | 22.62±1.69 c | ||
二氢-β-紫罗酮Dihydro-β-ionone | M, R, C | 1 434 | 8.77±1.23 a | 4.01±0.48 b | — |
4-羟基-β-紫罗酮4-Hydroxy-β-ionone | M, R | 1 664 | 186.43±13.75 a | 85.41±5.20 b | 7.00±0.89 c |
2, 4, 4-三甲基-3-(3-氧代丁基)环己烯-2酮2, 4, 4-Trimethyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)cyclohex-2-enone | M, R | 1 675 | 31.52±6.52 a | 10.15±0.36 b | 15.62±0.80 b |
单萜氧化物Monoterpene oxides | 12.34±3.98 b | 13.08±1.34 b | 99.28±3.52 a | ||
顺式氧化芳樟醇(呋喃型) cis-Linalool oxide(furan) | M, R, C | 1 063 | 0.83±0.17 a | 1.25±0.08 a | 1.19±0.04 a |
反式氧化芳樟醇(呋喃型) trans-Linalool oxide(furan) | M, R, C | 1 079 | 0.45±0.12 b | 0.98±0.06 b | 5.24±0.01 a |
反式氧化芳樟醇(吡喃型) trans-Linalool oxide(pyran) | M, R, C | 1 164 | 2.12±0.34 a | 1.50±0.14 a | 1.47±0.30 a |
顺式氧化芳樟醇(吡喃型) cis-Linalool oxide(pyran) | M, R, C | 1 169 | — | — | 9.75±1.23 a |
反式8-羟基芳樟醇 trans-8-Hydroxy-linalool | M, R | 1 351 | 1.53±0.64 b | 4.17±0.30 b | 25.47±1.08 a |
顺式8-羟基芳樟醇 cis-8-Hydroxy-linalool | M, R | 1 370 | 7.41±2.71 b | 5.18±0.76 b | 56.16±0.86 a |
单萜及其衍生物总计 Total monoterpenes and derivatives | 378.1±44.26 a | 212.92±14.45 b | 173.53±10.36 b |
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