黑胸散白蚁(等翅目:鼻白蚁科)肛交哺物质的来源

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究和明确黑胸散白蚁肛交哺物质的来源，为进一步研究交哺机理和白蚁防治提供参考。方法: 利用显微解剖比较不同类型个体消化道形态变化，测定不同龄工蚁后肠囊形胃(P3)以及结肠(P4)+直肠(P5)的蛋白质含量，确定黑胸散白蚁肛交哺物质的来源。通过统计不同巢群中不同龄工蚁的比例，分析不同龄工蚁在肛交哺过程中的"供体"、"受体"关系。结果: 1) 蚁后P3明显膨大，内容物黏稠状、黄褐色；工蚁P3较膨大，内容物黏稠状、黄褐色；兵蚁P3较膨大，内容物浓液体状、白色；3龄幼蚁P3具雏形，内容物液体状、白色；有翅成虫P3内容物黏稠状、淡黄色。2)工蚁、兵蚁、有翅成虫、蚁后后肠的P1、P4、P5部分大小相近，与交哺物质来源关系不大。工蚁、兵蚁、蚁后后肠P3部分大小差异未达到显著水平，但内容物颜色明显不同，P3内容物颜色可以作为判断肛交哺"供体"或"受体"的直观指标。3)2~6龄工蚁P3蛋白质含量均高于P4+P5，说明后肠不同部位蛋白质含量也可作为判断肛交哺物质来源的指标。4)2~3龄工蚁占工蚁总数的50%以上，随着蚁群的发育，4龄工蚁比例略有上升。结论: P3是肛交哺物质来源的主要场所，2、3龄工蚁是巢群中肛交哺活动的主要"供体"。

关键词: 黑胸散白蚁, 鼻白蚁科, 肛交哺, P3, 供体

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the sources of the proctodeal trophallaxis substances of Reticulitermes chinensis,and provide reference for further study on the mechanism of trophallaxis and control of the termite. Method: The morphological changes of the alimentary canal in different types of individuals were compared by microanatomy. The contents of protein in the paunch (P3) and colon (P4) + rectum (P5) in different instar workers were measured,and the sources of the proctodeal trophallaxis substances of R. chinensis were determined. The relationship between "provider" and "recipient" of different instar workers in the proctodeal trophallaxis was inferred by counting the proportion of different instar workers in different nests. Result: 1) The P3 of the queen was the most developed among different types of individuals and its contents were viscous and yellowish brown color. The P3 of the worker was relatively developed and its contents were viscous and yellowish brown color. The P3 of soldier was also relatively developed and its contents were thick and white color. The P3 of 3^rd instar larva was still at the early stage and its contents were thick and white color. The contents of P3 were sticky and light yellow color in alate. 2) The P1,P4 and P5 of workers,soldiers,alates and queens were all similar in size with each other,suggesting that there is little relationship between the sources of the trophallaxis substances and the sizes of P1,P4 and P5. There was no significant difference in the size of the P3 among workers,soldiers and queens,but the color of the contents was obviously different. Thus,the color of the contents in P3 could be used as a morphological index to judge the "provider" or "recipient" of proctodeal trophallaxis. 3) In 2^nd-6^th instar workers,the protein content of P3 was higher than that of P4+P5,respectively. It was suggested that protein content in different parts of hindgut could also be used as a judging index of the trophallaxis substances origination. (4) The 2^nd-3^rd instar workers accounted for more than 50% of the total number of workers. With the development of colony,the proportion of the 4rd instar worker increased slightly. Conclusion: P3 is the main source site of the proctodeal trophallaxis substance. The 2^nd and the 3^rd instar workers are the main "provider" of proctodeal trophallaxis substances.

Key words: Reticulitermes chinensis, Rhinotermitidae, proctodeal trophallaxis, P3, provider

中图分类号:

S718.7

王怡,姜宏健,刘曙雯,嵇保中,熊佳新. 黑胸散白蚁(等翅目:鼻白蚁科)肛交哺物质的来源[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(11): 116-123.

Yi Wang,Hongjian Jiang,Shuwen Liu,Baozhong Ji,Jiaxin Xiong. Sources of the Proctodeal Trophallaxis Substances of Reticulitermes chinensis(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(11): 116-123.

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试剂 Reagent	处理Treatment
试剂 Reagent	1	2	3	4	5	6
NaCl	1	0.8	0.6	0.4	0.2	0
BSA	0	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.8	1
CBG	5	5	5	5	5	5

消化道 Alimentary canal	工蚁 Worker	兵蚁 Soldier	3龄幼蚁 3^rd instar larva	蚁后 Queen	有翅成虫 Alate
食道长度Length of the oesophagus	1.076±0.173b	2.029±0.236a	1.010±0.143b	2.115±0.290a	1.676±0.153ab
食道直径Diameter of the oesophagus	0.177±0.011a	0.134±0.008bc	0.125±0.012c	0.162±0.014ab	0.182±0.008a
嗉囊长度Length of the crop	0.325±0.044ab	0.336±0.084ab	0.232±0.033b	0.498±0.055a	0.465±0.034a
嗉囊直径Diameter of the crop	0.300±0.041ab	0.340±0.031a	0.222±0.033b	0.382±0.015a	0.362±0.020a
砂囊长度Length of the gizzard	0.258±0.013b	0.324±0.064ab	0.233±0.060b	0.498±0.124a	0.526±0.049a
砂囊直径Diameter of the gizzard	0.274±0.032ab	0.275±0.029ab	0.225±0.027b	0.361±0.033a	0.350±0.017a
中肠长度Length of the midgut	2.287±0.184bc	2.418±0.119bc	1.879±0.286c	3.700±0.355a	2.740±0.209b
中肠直径Diameter of the midgut	0.211±0.017b	0.240±0.006ab	0.207±0.011b	0.258±0.004a	0.255±0.016a
P1长度Length of the P1	0.413±0.037b	0.430±0.025b	0.448±0.063b	0.611±0.058a	0.405±0.027b
P1直径Diameter of the P1	0.212±0.021ab	0.163±0.006bc	0.157±0.010c	0.220±0.019a	0.211±0.014ab
P3长度Length of the P3	1.591±0.149ab	1.587±0.250ab	0.783±0.227c	1.781±0.263a	1.020±0.054bc
P3直径Diameter of the P3	1.334±0.036ab	1.186±0.052abc	0.723±0.181c	1.562±0.250a	0.884±0.083bc
P4长度Length of the P4	1.217±0.139a	1.234±0.154a	1.238±0.255a	1.630±0.202a	1.550±0.178a
P4直径Diameter of the P4	0.225±0.017b	0.259±0.020b	0.178±0.013b	0.352±0.043a	0.236±0.033b
P5长度Length of the P5	0.626±0.021a	0.598±0.008a	0.288±0.044b	0.703±0.091a	0.607±0.050a
P5直径Diameter of the P5	0.378±0.052a	0.414±0.019a	0.268±0.013b	0.462±0.024a	0.354±0.036ab

工蚁Worker	P3	P4+P5
2龄 2^nd instar	3.475±0.198aA	0.855±0.032cC
3龄 3^rd instar	3.146±0.152aA	0.874±0.008cC
4龄 4^th instar	2.531±0.119bB	1.158±0.041bB
5龄 5^th instar	2.472±0.093bB	1.367±0.112aAB
6龄 6^th instar	2.320±0.071bB	1.474±0.044aA

蚁巢编号 No. of termite nest	2龄 2^nd instar		3龄 3^rd instar		4龄 4^th instar		5龄 5^th instar		6龄 6^th instar		总数 Total
蚁巢编号 No. of termite nest	头数 Number	比例 Percentage(%)	头数 Numbers	比例 Percentage(%)	头数 Number	比例 Percentage(%)	头数 Number	比例 Percentage(%)	头数 Number	比例 Percentage(%)	总数 Total
1	81	28.5	82	28.9	43	15.1	30	10.6	48	16.9	284
2	93	29.6	82	26.1	53	16.9	33	10.5	53	16.9	314
3	122	27.4	118	26.5	84	18.9	47	10.6	74	16.6	445

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