居室环境中浸渍纸层压木质地板释放甲醛质量浓度的验证

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200721

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 验证居室环境中浸渍纸层压木质地板释放甲醛质量浓度,为合理选用木质地板及保障室内空气质量提供基础数据参考。方法: 以甲醛释放量≤0.06 mg·m^-3（1 m³气候箱法）的5批次浸渍纸层压木质地板为研究对象,分别全屋铺设在5种居室环境中,采用酚试剂分光光度法测试验证居室环境中释放甲醛质量浓度。结果: 1）铺装地板前, 5种居室环境中均存在一定量的甲醛质量浓度本底值（以下简称C₀）,在Ⅰ类建筑中,密闭1 h和12 h时C₀分别在0.006~0.031 mg·m^-3和0.006~0.032 mg·m^-3之间,平均值为0.015和0.016 mg·m^-3；在Ⅱ类建筑中,密闭1 h和12 h时C₀分别在0.004~0.021 mg·m^-3和0.004~0.022 mg·m^-3之间,平均值均为0.015 mg·m^-3；2）铺装地板后,随着门窗密闭时间增加,居室环境中甲醛质量浓度测试值（以下简称C）也增加,密闭时间从1 h提高到12 h,在Ⅰ类建筑中C的平均值从0.054 mg·m^-3增加到0.068 mg·m^-3,在Ⅱ类建筑中C的平均值从0.055 mg·m^-3增加到0.066 mg·m^-3；3）5种居室环境中,各采样点由木质地板向验证空间释放的甲醛质量浓度（扣除C₀）均符合国家标准GB 50325—2010和GB/T 18883—2002规定,且各采样点甲醛质量浓度测试值（包含C₀）也符合国家标准规定。结论: 本试验条件下,在居室环境中全屋铺设浸渍纸层压木质地板后释放甲醛质量浓度符合国家建筑和空气质量标准。建议进一步研究不同甲醛等级、地板种类对室内空气中甲醛质量浓度的影响,探索木质地板甲醛释放量与室内空气中甲醛质量浓度的关系模型,以系统、科学评价木质地板基本性能与甲醛质量浓度的关系。

关键词: 甲醛释放, 浸渍纸层压木质地板, 大型空间, 1 m³气候箱法, 居室环境

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide basic data reference for the selection of wood flooring and further guarantee the indoor air quality by verifying the formaldehyde release under the conditions that laminate flooring is completely paved in habitable room. Method: In this study, five batches of laminate flooring with formaldehyde emission less than 0.06 mg·m^-3(1 m³ chamber method)were selected as research objects, and according to five kinds of habitable room respectively, which formaldehyde concentration in the verification space was tested by phenol reagent spectrophotometry. Result: 1) Before paving the floor, the selected space in this study was verified the existence of a certain amount of formaldehyde (hereinafter referred to as C₀) in the air. In Ⅰ class buildings, C₀ of 1 h and 12 h in the range of 0.006-0.031 mg·m^-3 and 0.006-0.032 mg·m^-3, with a mean of 0.015 mg·m^-3 and 0.016 mg·m^-3, respectively. In class Ⅱ buildings, C₀ of 1 h and 12 h was in the range of 0.004-0.021 mg·m^-3 and 0.004-0.022 mg·m^-3, respectively, with a mean of both 0.015 mg·m^-3.2) After paving the floor, with airtight time increased in the door and window, formaldehyde concentration also increased in the air. When the airtight time increased from 1 h to 12 h, the average value of C in class Ⅰ buildings increased from 0.054 mg·m^-3 to 0.068 mg·m^-3, while In class Ⅱ buildings, the average value of C increased from 0.055 mg·m^-3 to 0.066 mg·m^-3.3) Five batches of laminate floorings were selected to be paved in five kinds of indoor spaces respectively, and formaldehyde concentration released from laminate floorings to the verification spaces at each sampling point(after deducting C₀) conformed to the national standard GB 50325—2010 and GB/T 18883—2002. Meanwhile, the formaldehyde concentration of each sampling point still conforms to the national standard. Conclusion: Accordingly, under the testing conditions, formaldehyde emission concentration of the house still meet the national building and air quality standards after paved laminate flooring completely. It is suggested to study the effects of different formaldehyde grades and flooring types on formaldehyde concentration in indoor air in the future, with aims to systematically and scientifically evaluate the relationships between the basic performances of wood flooring and formaldehyde concentration in indoor air.

Key words: formaldehyde release, laminate flooring, large space, 1 m³ chamber method, habitable room

中图分类号:

TS67

卢金汉,吕斌,杨忠. 居室环境中浸渍纸层压木质地板释放甲醛质量浓度的验证[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(7): 204-210.

Jinhan Lu,Bin Lü,Zhong Yang. Verification of Formaldehyde Release of Laminate Flooring in Habitable Room[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 204-210.

图/表 6

表1

表2

图1

表3

5种典型室内空间的房间参数"

测试空间 Testing space	居室类型 Room style	室内面积 Room area/m²	房高 Room height/m	室内体积 Room volume/m³	铺装面积 Pavement area/m²	备注 Reference column
S1	小型办公室 Small office	15.6	3.20	48.70	15.5	房间位于大厦5楼,有2扇窗户(玻璃窗户,门框为塑钢窗框)朝南,地面铺满地板。室内无家具,墙体表面涂饰腻子,门材质为实木复合门The room is located on the 5th floor of the building. There are two windows(glass window, plastic steel window frame) facing south, and the ground is covered with flooring completely. There is no furniture in the room, the wall surface is coated with putty, and the material of door is solid wood
S2	大型办公室 Big office	59.0	2.70	159.30	58.0	房间位于大厦2楼,有2扇窗户(玻璃窗户,门框为塑钢窗框),地面铺满地板。室内无家具,墙体表面涂饰腻子,门材质为实木复合门The room is located on the 2nd floor of the building. There are two windows(glass window, plastic steel window frame) facing south, and the ground is covered with flooring completely. There is no furniture in the room, the wall surface is coated with putty, and the material of door is solid wood
S3	2居室 Two bedrooms	54.0	2.67	144.18	41.9	房间位于小区4楼,有4扇窗户(玻璃窗户,门框为铝合金窗框),除卫生间和厨房铺设地砖外,其余地面均铺设地板。室内无家具,墙体表面贴有壁纸,门材质为实木复合门The room is located on the 4th floor of the community, with four windows(glass window, aluminum alloy window frame for the door frame). Except for the floor tiles laid in the bathroom and kitchen, the rest of the floor is laid with flooring. There is no furniture in the room, the wall surface is pasted with wallpaper, and the material of door is solid wood
S4	3居室 Three bedrooms	103.0	2.70	278.10	89.9	房间位于小区2楼,有6扇窗户(玻璃窗户,门框为铝合金窗框),除2个卫生间、厨房、走廊铺设地砖外,其余地面均铺设地板。室内无家具,墙体表面涂饰腻子,门材质为实木复合门The room is located on the 2nd floor of the community, with six windows(glass window, aluminum alloy window frame for the door frame). Except for the floor tiles laid in the bathroom and kitchen, the rest of the floor is laid with flooring. There is no furniture in the room, the wall surface is pasted with wallpaper, and the material of door is solid wood
S5	2层复式公寓 Duplex apartment	144.0	首层 First floor：2.13；二层 Second floor：1.87	274.08	68.6	房间位于公寓6楼,有4扇窗户(玻璃窗户,门框为铝合金窗框),卫生间和厨房铺设地砖,楼梯地面为玻璃材质,其余地面均铺设地板。室内无家具,墙体表面涂饰腻子,门材质为实木复合门。图2中S5-4(客厅)与S5-5(走廊)互通The room is located on the 6th floor of the apartment, with four windows(glass window, aluminum alloy window frame), floor tiles for the bathroom and kitchen, glass for the stair floor, and flooring pavement for the rest of the floor. There is no furniture in the room, the wall surface is coated with putty, and the material of door is solid wood. S5-4(living room) and s5-5(corridor) in Figure 2 are interconnected

表3

图2

表4

参考文献 0

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编号 Number	规格 Specification	密度 Density/(g·cm^-3)	含水率 Moisture content(%)	产品等级 Product grade	执行标准 Executive standard
F1	1 286 mm×194 mm×10 mm	0.89	5.0	优等品Superior quality	GB/T 18102—2007
F2	1 214 mm×194 mm×10 mm	0.91	4.9	优等品Superior quality	GB/T 18102—2007
F3	1 216 mm×195 mm×11 mm	0.91	4.3	优等品Superior quality	GB/T 18102—2007
F4	1 213 mm×194 mm×12 mm	0.90	5.1	优等品Superior quality	GB/T 18102—2007
F5	815 mm×150 mm×12 mm	0.92	4.3	优等品Superior quality	GB/T 18102—2007

测试方法 Test method	样品编号Sample number
测试方法 Test method	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
气候箱法Chamber method/(mg·m^-3)	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.05

空间编号 Space number	采样点位置 Location in field sampling	房间空间 Room volume/m³	铺装面积 Pavement area/m²	实际承载率 Actual bearing ratio/(m²·m^-3)	密闭时间 Airtight time/h	采样点甲醛质量浓度本底值C₀ Background value of sampling point/ (mg·m^-3)	测试温度 Test temperature/℃	相对湿度 Relative humidity(%)	采样点甲醛质量浓度测试值C Formaldehyde concentration of sampling point/(mg·m^-3)
S1	S1-1	48.7	15.5	0.32	1	0.004	17.4	28	0.035
S1	S1-1	48.7	15.5	0.32	12	0.004	18.5	19	0.049
S2	S2-1	159.3	58.0	0.36	1	0.020	24.6	31	0.074
	S2-1	159.3	58.0	0.36	12	0.020	26.4	33	0.081
	S2-2	159.3	58.0	0.36	1	0.021	24.6	31	0.076
	S2-2	159.3	58.0	0.36	12	0.022	26.4	33	0.082
S3	S3-1	20.1	6.5	0.32	1	0.027	31.3	83	0.061
	S3-1	20.1	6.5	0.32	12	0.030	30.0	84	0.081
	S3-2	39.5	14.5	0.37	1	0.027	31.2	84	0.074
	S3-2	39.5	14.5	0.37	12	0.029	31.3	84	0.100
	S3-3	25.9	9.1	0.35	1	0.031	30.0	83	0.064
	S3-3	25.9	9.1	0.35	12	0.032	30.0	84	0.098
	S3-4	35.3	11.8	0.33	1	0.028	30.0	83	0.066
	S3-4	35.3	11.8	0.33	12	0.030	30.0	84	0.100
S4	S4-1	17.0	6.3	0.37	1	0.012	18.6	41	0.034
	S4-1	17.0	6.3	0.37	12	0.014	20.0	34	0.052
	S4-2	24.7	9.2	0.37	1	0.011	17.6	40	0.037
	S4-2	24.7	9.2	0.37	12	0.011	20.0	34	0.046
	S4-3	29.2	10.8	0.37	1	0.010	17.0	40	0.047
	S4-3	29.2	10.8	0.37	12	0.010	20.0	34	0.055
	S4-4	31.1	11.5	0.37	1	0.012	18.8	41	0.046
	S4-4	31.1	11.5	0.37	12	0.012	21.0	34	0.051
	S4-5	148.7	52.1	0.35	1	0.009	18.9	41	0.051
	S4-5	148.7	52.1	0.35	12	0.009	19.1	37	0.057
	S4-6	148.7	52.1	0.35	1	0.009	18.9	41	0.049
	S4-6	148.7	52.1	0.35	12	0.009	18.9	37	0.052
S5	S5-1	26.6	13.9	0.52	1	0.007	20.3	40	0.049
	S5-1	26.6	13.9	0.52	12	0.007	20.3	41	0.050
	S5-2	24.6	12.9	0.52	1	0.008	20.3	41	0.053
	S5-2	24.6	12.9	0.52	12	0.008	20.4	41	0.050
	S5-3	22.9	10.5	0.46	1	0.006	20.3	39	0.054
	S5-3	22.9	10.5	0.46	12	0.006	20.2	40	0.061
	S5-4	95.8	23.9	0.25	1	0.007	20.4	41	0.049
	S5-4	95.8	23.9	0.25	12	0.007	20.5	39	0.059
	S5-5	95.8	7.4	0.08	1	0.007	20.4	40	0.050
	S5-5	95.8	7.4	0.08	12	0.007	20.4	41	0.060

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