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林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 165-172.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180818

• 问题讨论 • 上一篇    

基于利润共享契约的林下经济产品供应链协调管理设计——以黑龙江省国有林区为例

胡艳英1, 曹玉昆1,2   

  1. 1. 东北林业大学经济管理学院 哈尔滨 150040;
    2. 东北林业大学林下经济协同创新中心 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-07 修回日期:2017-06-28 出版日期:2018-08-25 发布日期:2018-08-18
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目"国有林区生态经济模式建设研究"(13BJY032);黑龙江省科技攻关重点项目"黑龙江省国有林区全面停伐后经济社会转型及发展的保障对策研究"(GC14D101);黑龙江省博士后基金"黑龙江省林下经济产品物流网络系统构建研究"(LBH-Z13017);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目"林下经济产品双供应链物流模式研究"(2572015CC05)。

The Coordination Management Design of Under Forestry Economy Products by Sharing Contracts: Taking Heilongjiang Province State-Owned Forestry Reform as an Example

Hu Yanying1, Cao Yukun1,2   

  1. 1. College of Economics & Management, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040;
    2. Under Forestry Economy Coordination and Innovation Center of Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040
  • Received:2017-02-07 Revised:2017-06-28 Online:2018-08-25 Published:2018-08-18

摘要: [目的]分析林下经济产品供应体系存在的问题,应用契约理论设计林下经济产品交易决策模式,构建从生产到销售的林下经济供应链,为做大做强林下经济产业提供对策参考。[方法]利用数理统计方法建立1个销售商、多个生产者的二级林下经济产品供应链模型,通过构造市场需求函数,分别计算生产者(林区从事林下经济的职工、群众,简称生产者)和销售商(林区从事林下经济加工、销售的本阜、外阜企业,简称销售商)的期望利润,并对比分析不同交易决策模式下的生产者、销售者利润及系统效率。[结果]1)在分散决策模式下,生产者和销售商均以自身利益为出发点,组成有利于自身的生产、销售体系,致使林下经济产品供销系统整体物流成本高、损耗大,销售市场产品价格高,消费者福利低。2)在集中决策的非共享契约模式下,当生产者全部加入供应链时,供应链整体可获得最大利润,供销系统的物流成本降低,能够为消费者提供最多产品;但随着提供产品数量增多,容易导致消费市场上产品价格下降,引起供应链内部采购价格变化,生产者利润得不到保障,生产者的违约自销意愿增加,供应链不稳定。3)在集中决策的共享契约模式下,通过签订共享契约能够保证单个消费者利润水平,减少生产者违约的可能性;但对生产者的生产行为和违约行为不能监控,销售商利润易受损害。4)在基于惩罚机制的共享契约模式下,通过设定共享系数约束条件,并设立惩罚机制,可以在保证生产者利润的基础上约束生产者行为,保护销售商利润,实现供应链协调管理,从而达到最初设计目标。[结论]1)基于共享契约供应链管理模式可有效改善国有林区职工群众林下经济小农思想、家庭分散经营、抗风险能力弱的低端产业生产格局。2)签订满足约束条件的共享契约是保障林下经济生产者与销售商互利共赢的有效措施。3)完善细化共享契约能保障林下经济产品供应链协调发展。基于研究结果提出4点建议:第一,提高对林下经济产品供应链作用的认识,共同协力组建、管理供应链。第二,设计完善的林下经济产品供应链协调管理操作体系,充分发挥供应链作用。第三,建立政府保障机制,通过监督、管理促进供应链健康发展。第四,充分发挥市场竞争机制,避免垄断现象发生。

关键词: 林下经济, 林下经济产品供应链, 利润共享契约, 供应链协调管理

Abstract: [Objective] The paper studies some problems in supply-market system of under forestry economy, designs trading mode with contract theory and sets up under forestry products supply chain, which will provide reference for the development of under forestry economy.[Method] A two-level supply chain model with single vendor and many producers is established, and market demand function, the mean profit of producers and vendor are calculated. The function model can also be used to compare and analyze producer's profit, vendor's profit and system efficiency under different trading decision model.[Result] 1) Under the disperse policy decision and non-contract model, producer and vendor always make their decision on the basis of their profit expect, which may lead to much system losses, low consumer welfare and low efficient system. 2) Under centralized decision-making and non-contract model, we can improve obviously the system efficiency,and provide more products to the market with ensuring customer welfare. But the supply chain is not very stable, and the producers like to break a contract. 3) Under revenue share contract model, the profits of both sides will be protected. But the bad effect is that vendor does not like to sign the contract, because profit of vendor cannot be protected by many unpredictable factors. 4) Under constraint and revenue contract model, profits of both sides will be protected through adding constraint condition, which can help to realize the original goal to manage the supply chain of under forestry economy products.[Conclusion] 1) The new-designed model will change producing pattern with supply chain management under sharing contract, which can improve risk resistance capability, deduce decentralized operation of under forestry economy products supplying and marketing system. 2) It is an effective measure for producer and vendor to sign sharing contract, which can protect both sides profits and help them get more profits. 3) It is also beneficial for the supply chain of under forestry economy products to perfect the rule of sharing contract. The paper has given some advice basing on the result:1) All participants and government need to improve cognition for the under forestry economy products supply chain management. And then all of these suggestions can be built and managed in coordination situation. 2) By designing and optimizing supply chain under sharing contract, the supply chain will work effectively. 3) With supporting measures by government, it will ensure smooth development for under forestry economy products supply chain. 4) Precautions against should be taken by developing marketing mechanism.

Key words: under forestry economy, under forestry products supply chain, revenue sharing contracts, supply chain coordination(SCC)

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