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林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (12): 13-21.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20161202

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

塞罕坝自然保护区物种丰富度对植被景观破碎化的响应及其空间尺度差异

田晓敏1,2, 闫海霞2, 袁业2, 葛兆轩2, 黄选瑞2, 张志东2   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学 精准林业北京市重点实验室 省部共建森林培育与保护重点实验室 北京 100083;
    2. 河北农业大学林学院 河北省林木种质资源与森林保护重点实验室 保定 071000
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-16 修回日期:2016-10-30 出版日期:2016-12-25 发布日期:2017-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 张志东
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31370636);林业公益性行业科研专项(20150430304)。

Response of Species Richness to the Fragmentation of Vegetation Landscape and its Spatial Variation Scales in Saihanba Nature Reserve

Tian Xiaomin1,2, Yan Haixia2, Yuan Ye2, Ge Zhaoxuan2, Huang Xuanrui2, Zhang Zhidong2   

  1. 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083;
    2. Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Forest Trees Germplasm Resources and Forest Protection College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071000
  • Received:2016-01-16 Revised:2016-10-30 Online:2016-12-25 Published:2017-01-16

摘要: [目的] 探讨物种丰富度对各种环境因子的响应并确定是否存在空间尺度差异,以期为物种多样性保护提供帮助。[方法] 在塞罕坝自然保护区选取38个天然植被斑块,其中包括12个草地、11个灌木林和15个天然次生林斑块,共记录物种360种,分属196属,54科。根据生长型将植物物种划分为1年生草本、多年生草本、灌木和乔木4个功能群。分别采用一阶刀切法和面积加权平均法计算斑块尺度与样方尺度的功能群物种丰富度。通过广义线性模型(GLM)分析斑块尺度和样方尺度的不同植物功能群的物种丰富度与景观结构、地形、土壤因子间的关系;并用冗余度(RDA)分析法,在2个空间尺度对环境因子进行定量分解。[结果] 景观结构、地形、土壤因子可解释功能群物种丰富度格局的60%以上;各植物功能群的物种丰富度对景观破碎化的响应由强到弱依次为乔木、灌木、多年生草本和1年生草本;在斑块尺度,木本植物(灌木和乔木)受景观结构因子(如斑块面积、形状指数、隔离度和斑块类型)的影响较大(P<0.05),而在样方尺度则更多受土壤因子(如pH值、有机质含量、全磷含量和全钾含量)的影响较大(P<0.05);多年生草本物种丰富度在斑块尺度与斑块面积、斑块类型、pH值和全磷含量显著相关(P<0.01),而在样方尺度主要受斑块类型和海拔的影响(P<0.05);1年生草本物种丰富度在斑块尺度受斑块类型、全氮含量和全钾含量的影响显著(P<0.01),而在样方尺度主要受斑块类型和土壤有机质含量的影响(P<0.01)。[结论] 植物功能群的物种丰富度对景观破碎化的响应机制存在斑块尺度与样方尺度的差异,物种丰富度的分布是不同空间尺度和环境因子共同作用的结果。物种丰富度在斑块尺度主要受景观结构因子与少量土壤因子的影响;在样方尺度主要受斑块类型与土壤因子的影响。因此,阐明物种丰富度的环境因子响应机制时需先明确特定的功能群和空间尺度。

关键词: 多尺度, 植物功能群, 物种丰富度, 景观破碎化, 广义线性模型, 因子分解

Abstract: [Objective] Landscape fragmentation can influence species richness at various spatial scales. A better understanding of the response of plant species richness to various environmental factors and determining its variation among spatial scales, can provide help for the development of effective protection strategies focusing on species diversity.[Method] In a total of 38 natural vegetation patches within the Saihanba nature reserve, including 12 herbs, 11 shrubs and 15 natural forest vegetation fragments, sampling plots were established. We recorded a total of 360 species belonging to 196 genera and 54 families. Plant species were divided into 4 functional groups:annual herbs, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees according to growth types. We calculated species richness based on the functional groups at patch and plot scale using first-order jackknife estimators and area weighted averages, respectively. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) to explore the relationships between species richness and abiotic factors, such as topographic conditions, soil, as well as factors describing landscape structure at the patch and plot scales. We used redundancy analysis (RDA) to test the relative effects of topographic, soil, as well as factors describing landscape structure on the richness of plant functional groups at the two spatial scales.[Result] Landscape structure, topographic, and soil factors explained more than 60% of the total variation in species richness of functional groups; The response of species richness to landscape fragmentation from strong to weak followed the order of trees, shrubs, perennial and annual grasses; At patch scale, richness of woody plant species (shrubs and trees) was influenced significantly by factors describing landscape structure, including patch area, shape index, isolation and patch type (P<0.05), whereas it was significantly related to soil factors including pH, organic matter, total P content and total K content at the plot scale (P<0.05). At patch scale, factors such as patch area, patch type, pH and total P content were strongly correlated with the richness of perennial grasses(P<0.01), while at plot scale, patch type and elevation were significantly associated with perennial grasses (P<0.05). The richness of annual grasses species at patch scale was significantly associated with patch type, total N content and total K content (P<0.01); species richness at plot scale showed highly significant relationship with the patch type and soil organic matter (P<0.01).[Conclusion] Species richness of four plant functional groups showed differences with respect to the response mechanism at patch and plot scales when landscape fragmentation was considered. Our study confirmed that the distribution of species richness was determined by the combined effect of different spatial scales and environmental determinants. Species richness at patch scale was mainly affected by the landscape structure factors and few soil factors, whereas it was significantly related to the soil factors and the patch type, a landscape structure factor, at plot scale. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the conditions of specific functional groups and spatial scales in the elucidation of the response of species richness to the environmental factors. The mechanisms influencing the distribution of plant species richness can be revealed only when plant functional groups and relevant spatial scales are specified.

Key words: multi-scale, functional group, species richness, landscape fragmentation, generalized linear model, variation partitioning

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