基于土地利用的三峡库区(重庆段)生态系统服务价值时空变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140503

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于土地利用数据，采用Costanza的生态系统服务价值计算方法，结合中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表，对1986—2010年三峡库区（重庆段）生态系统服务价值的时空变化进行研究。结果表明：近25年来，研究区生态系统服务价值呈先降后增的V字型趋势，1986年为953亿元，1995年下降至948亿元，2000年持续下降至943亿元，2010年大幅增加至整个研究时段的最高值968亿元，其中林地是研究区内生态服务价值最高的土地利用类型。生态系统服务价值的空间格局大致以巫溪至江津一线为界，呈现东南高、西北低的特征。研究时段内区域生态系统服务价值重心随时间总体上向东南迁移。空间自相关分析结果显示，1986—2010年间研究区生态系统服务价值的空间分布具有一定的集聚性。敏感性分析说明生态系统服务价值对所采用的价值系数缺乏弹性，研究结果具有可信性。通过生态系统服务价值与社会经济指标之间的回归分析，发现生态系统服务价值与GDP、人口密度、城镇化率具有极显著的线性负相关关系，而与农林牧渔业GDP呈极显著的线性正相关。在库区未来生态环境管理中，应更多地考虑生态系统服务功能，合理规划土地利用，尤其是应多保护天然林地、草地和水体等生态服务价值系数高的用地类型，发展高效绿色生态产业，控制城市无序扩张，实现库区社会经济与自然生态相协调的可持续性发展。

关键词: 三峡库区(重庆段), 生态系统服务价值, 时空变化

Abstract:

Ecosystem services provide a wide range of essential goods and services to humanity. With deeply understanding of coupled human and natural systems, evaluation of ecosystem service value is becoming a hot spot of ecological economics and environmental economics. Based on land use data, ecosystem service value of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Chongqing Section) from 1986 to 2010 was calculated by using Costanza's method and modified ecosystem service value coefficients. The temporal and spatial variation of ecosystem service value was quantitatively analyzed to understand the ecosystem service value change and to provide useful information for policymakers concerned with sustainable development of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Results showed that during the past 25 years the ecosystem service value of the study area decreased at first and then increased across 1986 and 2010. Especially, after entering into the 21^st century, change rate of the ecosystem service value was greatly increased. The ecosystem service value of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Chongqing Section) was 9.53×10¹⁰ Yuan, 9.48×10¹⁰ Yuan, 9.43×10¹⁰ Yuan, 9.68×10¹⁰ Yuan in 1986, 1995, 2000, and 2010, respectively. Forest land was the main provider for the ecosystem service value of the study region, and also contributed most to the total ecological service value. The spatial pattern of ecosystem service value indicated that high value areas mainly located in the east and south of the study region, and low value areas were in the west and north. Overall, in the past 25 years, the core of ecosystem service value moved to the southeast. The global spatial autocorrelation index ranged from 0.473 to 0.498 during the study period, and local spatial autocorrelation showed that ecosystem service value had a spatial connection. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated ecosystem service value in the study area was inelastic to the value coefficients, and the results were credible. Linear regression analysis revealed that ecosystem service value had a significant negative correlation with population density, GDP and urbanization rate, whereas the value had a significant positive correlation with farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery GDP. In respect to future ecological environmental management of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, more attentions should be paid to ecosystem services, especially for the forest land, grassland, and water area. It is also important to develop an efficient ecological industry, to control unreasonable city expansion, and to implement the sustainable development with social economy harmony with natural environment.

Key words: the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Chongqing Section), ecosystem service value, temporal and spatial variation

中图分类号:

S718.56

马骏, 马朋, 李昌晓, 彭月, 魏虹. 基于土地利用的三峡库区(重庆段)生态系统服务价值时空变化[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(5): 17-26.

Ma Jun, Ma Peng, Li Changxiao, Peng Yue, Wei Hong. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Ecosystem Service Value in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Chongqing Section) Based on Land Use[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(5): 17-26.

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