楸木不同类型组织的湿胀-干缩行为

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220705

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 实时、同步测量楸木早材和晚材的水分吸着-解吸等温线以及木纤维组织、木射线、导管尺寸的变化比率，揭示早材和晚材不同类型组织的尺寸变化规律及其相互作用机理。方法: 以楸木心材同一生长轮内的早材和晚材为研究对象，采用动态水分吸附分析仪联用视频白光显微镜，在水分吸着-解吸阶段[温度设置为（25.0±0.1）℃，相对湿度变化过程设置为0%→95%→0%，以相对湿度10%为梯度进行升湿、降湿]，同步测量早材和晚材的水分吸着-解吸等温线以及木纤维组织、木射线、导管尺寸的变化比率；在平衡含水率恒定阶段，考察“尺寸变化行为”与“平衡含水率”之间是否存在滞后现象。结果: 1）在水分吸附全过程中，早材和晚材均表现出明显的吸湿滞后现象，绝对滞后值随相对湿度升高先增大后减小，相对湿度70%时达到最大值；与早材相比，晚材的绝对滞后值较小。2）早材和晚材木纤维组织、木射线尺寸的变化比率均随相对湿度升高而增大；导管弦向直径变化比率随相对湿度的变化模式与之相反，在相对湿度95%时，早材和晚材导管弦向直径的变化比率分别为0.945和0.918。3）随着木射线与导管之间直线长度（L）增加，木射线弦向尺寸的变化比率减小，L≥200 μm后不再发生变化；轴向尺寸的变化比率未改变或改变很小，在相对湿度95%时，早材和晚材木射线弦向尺寸变化比率的最大值分别为1.051和1.038。4）在水分吸附循环过程中，早材和晚材木纤维组织、木射线、导管尺寸的变化比率均表现出明显的湿胀滞后现象，湿胀滞后值随相对湿度升高先增大后减小，相对湿度70%时达到最大值。5）在水分吸着-解吸过程中，早材和晚材组织“刚达到含水率平衡态”的尺寸变化比率与“保持含水率平衡态180 min”后的尺寸变化比率相比未发生明显变化，可被认为是相等的。结论: 木质素对绝对滞后值的影响大于半纤维素；在水分吸着过程中，木纤维组织和木射线的湿胀行为对导管产生挤压使其收缩；在水分解吸过程中，木纤维组织的干缩行为对导管产生拉伸使其扩张；晚材组织对导管的挤压和拉伸大于早材组织；木纤维组织对木射线的湿胀-干缩行为起抑制作用，相较于早材木纤维组织，晚材木纤维组织对木射线弦向湿胀-干缩行为的抑制作用更显著；木材吸湿滞后行为是引起湿胀滞后现象的原因之一；早材和晚材组织均可视为同步达到“含水率平衡态”和“尺寸变化平衡态”，即“尺寸变化行为”与“平衡含水率”之间不存在滞后现象。

关键词: 楸木, 早材组织, 晚材组织, 湿胀-干缩, 滞后

Abstract:

Objective: The adsorption-desorption isotherms and wood fiber tissue, wood ray and vessel dimension of change ratio of Catalpa bungei earlywood and latewood were real-timely and synchronously documented. This work aimed to reveal the pattern and interaction between the dimensional changes of different tissues of the earlywood and latewood. Method: The earlywood and latewood of the same growth ring in the heartwood of Catalpa bungei were studied using a dynamic vapor sorption analyzer combined with a video Dino X Lite Digital Microscope. The measurements were taken at a constant temperature of (25±0.1)℃, starting at 0% relative humidity (RH) and increasing in increments of 10% RH up to 95% RH, and then decreasing back to 0% RH also in 10% RH decrements. The each RH process was divided into the water vapor sorption period and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) constant period. During the water vapor sorption period, wood fiber tissue, wood ray and vessel dimensional change ratio and the sorption isotherm were synchronously measured. During the EMC constant period, whether there was hysteresis between“dimensional change behavior”and“EMC”or not was investigated. Result: 1) Throughout the moisture sorption process, both earlywood and latewood existed a significant hygroscopic hysteresis. The absolute hysteresis increased and then decreased with the increasing RH, reaching a maximum at the 70% RH level. Compare with earlywood, the absolute hysteresis of latewood was smaller. 2) The change ratio of wood fiber tissue dimension and wood ray dimension for both earlywood and latewood increased with increasing RH, while the change ratio of tangential diameter follow the opposite pattern of change with RH. The change ratio in tangential of earlywood and latewood at 95% RH was 0.945 and 0.918, respectively. 3) As the linear length (L) between the wood ray and the vessel increased, the change ratio of tangential dimension of wood ray decreased, and ceased to change after L≥200 μm, while the change ratio of longitudinal dimension of wood ray remained unchanged or changed minimally. At 95% RH, the maximum values of the change ratio in the tangential dimension of earlywood and latewood rays were 1.051 and 1.038, respectively. 4) In the process of moisture sorption cycle, the change ratio of three tissues dimension in both earlywood and latewood showed a significant swelling hysteresis, which increased first and then decreased with increasing RH, reached the maximum at 70% RH. 5) In the process of moisture adsorption-desorption, the dimensional change ratio of earlywood and latewood tissues“just reached the moisture content equilibrium state”was considered equivalent to the dimensional change ratio after“keeping the moisture content equilibrium state for 180 min”. Conclusion: The effect of lignin on absolute hysteresis was greater than that of hemicellulose. In the process of moisture adsorption, the swelling behavior of wood fiber tissue and wood rays compressed the vessel causing them to contrast, similarly, the vessel expanded due to the pull of wood fiber tissue and wood rays shrinkage during moisture desorption. The compressive and tensile forces exerted on the vessels by latewood tissue are greater than those exerted by earlywood tissue. Wood fiber tissue inhibited the swelling and shrinkage behavior of wood rays, with latewood wood fiber tissue inhibiting the tangential swelling and shrinkage behavior of wood rays more significantly than earlywood wood fiber tissue. The hygroscopic hysteresis behavior of wood is the one reason of the swelling hysteresis phenomenon. “EMC”and“the equilibrium of dimensional change”of the earlywood and latewood tissues were reached synchronously. It meant that there was not hysteresis between“dimensional change behavior”and“EMC”.

Key words: Catalpa bungei wood, earlywood tissue, latewood tissue, swelling and shrinkage, hysteresis

中图分类号:

S781.3

殷方宇,都亚敏,李珠,蒋佳荔. 楸木不同类型组织的湿胀-干缩行为[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(7): 105-116.

Fangyu Yin,Yamin Du,Zhu Li,Jiali Jiang. Shrinkage and Swelling Behavior of Different Types of Tissues in Catalpa bungei Wood[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(7): 105-116.

图/表 14

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表1

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图11

表2

楸木早材和晚材水分吸着阶段和平衡含水率恒定阶段的尺寸变化比率与含水率①"

H_R(%)	试样 Sample	C_W(%)		R_C(WFT-T)		R_C(WFT-L)		R_C(WR-S)		R_C(WR-T)		R_C(WR-L)		R_C(V-T)
H_R(%)	试样 Sample	X₁	X₂	X₁	X₂	X₁	X₂	X₁	X₂	X₁	X₂	X₁	X₂	X₁	X₂
10	EW	1.34	1.38	1.004 1	1.003 9	1.001 8	1.002 1	1.008 1	1.008 5	1.007 2	1.006 9	1.001 4	1.001 0	0.992 1	0.991 7
10	LW	1.73	1.74	1.007 6	1.008 0	1.000 7	1.001 0	1.007 2	1.007 0	1.002 3	1.002 7	1.003 9	1.003 9	0.985 0	0.985 5
20	EW	2.55	2.61	1.008 3	1.008 0	1.003 2	1.003 4	1.016 3	1.016 6	1.013 1	1.013 5	1.003 0	1.003 3	0.985 1	0.985 4
20	LW	3.20	3.24	1.016 5	1.016 5	1.001 2	1.001 5	1.013 2	1.013 2	1.006 4	1.006 0	1.008 1	1.008 6	0.976 4	0.976 1
30	EW	3.62	3.67	1.013 1	1.013 4	1.005 3	1.005 1	1.024 0	1.024 4	1.018 0	1.018 6	1.005 3	1.005 0	0.977 4	0.977 7
30	LW	4.45	4.44	1.023 3	1.023 6	1.002 0	1.002 5	1.021 2	1.021 3	1.009 1	1.009 2	1.011 3	1.011 7	0.963 9	0.963 4
40	EW	4.47	4.49	1.018 4	1.018 9	1.006 2	1.005 9	1.035 1	1.035 6	1.022 1	1.022 7	1.007 6	1.008 0	0.972 0	0.972 3
40	LW	5.67	5.68	1.030 5	1.030 4	1.002 8	1.003 1	1.029 4	1.029 5	1.012 2	1.012 6	1.013 2	1.013 5	0.955 5	0.955 5
50	EW	5.80	5.82	1.024 3	1.024 7	1.007 6	1.007 7	1.043 3	1.043 7	1.026 3	1.026 6	1.009 2	1.009 2	0.968 1	0.968 4
50	LW	6.93	6.94	1.036 2	1.036 6	1.003 4	1.003 4	1.037 4	1.037 7	1.015 3	1.015 0	1.016 0	1.016 4	0.944 1	0.944 1
60	EW	7.01	7.07	1.031 5	1.031 4	1.009 7	1.009 5	1.050 4	1.050 8	1.032 2	1.032 7	1.011 1	1.011 0	0.964 3	0.964 8
60	LW	8.30	8.36	1.044 1	1.044 4	1.004 0	1.004 4	1.044 5	1.044 0	1.019 0	1.019 2	1.019 3	1.019 1	0.937 0	0.937 7
70	EW	8.26	8.33	1.037 2	1.037 6	1.011 9	1.012 3	1.057 2	1.057 2	1.036 1	1.036 3	1.013 3	1.013 6	0.959 0	0.959 1
70	LW	9.77	9.77	1.051 3	1.051 0	1.004 6	1.004 4	1.050 2	1.050 0	1.022 3	1.022 0	1.021 2	1.021 5	0.929 3	0.929 6
80	EW	9.71	9.74	1.044 4	1.044 2	1.014 3	1.014 9	1.066 1	1.066 5	1.042 2	1.041 5	1.013 0	1.013 3	0.953 2	0.953 8
80	LW	11.43	11.45	1.060 2	1.060 3	1.005 6	1.006 0	1.057 4	1.057 7	1.026 1	1.026 6	1.024 5	1.024 6	0.925 1	0.925 0
90	EW	12.63	12.66	1.054 6	1.054 1	1.016 5	1.016 3	1.073 2	1.072 9	1.047 0	1.047 2	1.021 0	1.021 7	0.948 4	0.947 8
90	LW	14.33	14.37	1.069 5	1.069 6	1.006 5	1.006 0	1.065 1	1.065 0	1.031 9	1.031 6	1.028 0	1.028 5	0.920 6	0.921 0
95	EW	14.27	14.29	1.060 4	1.060 8	1.018 3	1.018 3	1.079 4	1.079 1	1.051 6	1.051 0	1.027 4	1.027 0	0.945 0	0.945 5
95	LW	15.66	15.70	1.077 2	1.077 7	1.007 3	1.007 6	1.071 0	1.071 5	1.038 1	1.038 4	1.032 3	1.032 1	0.918 3	0.918 8

表2

表3

楸木早材和晚材水分解吸阶段和平衡含水率恒定阶段的尺寸变化比率与含水率①"

H_R(%)	试样 Sample	C_W(%)		R_C(WFT-T)		R_C(WFT-L)		R_C(WR-S)		R_C(WR-T)		R_C(WR-L)		R_C(V-T)
H_R(%)	试样 Sample	X₃	X₄	X₃	X₄	X₃	X₄	X₃	X₄	X₃	X₄	X₃	X₄	X₃	X₄
95	EW	14.27	14.29	1.060 3	1.060 8	1.018 2	1.018 8	1.079 4	1.079 0	1.051 0	1.051 1	1.027 4	1.027 7	0.945 2	0.945 9
95	LW	15.66	15.70	1.077 0	1.077 2	1.007 3	1.007 0	1.071 6	1.072 0	1.038 3	1.038 3	1.032 5	1.032 0	0.918 5	0.918 2
90	EW	13.75	13.76	1.058 4	1.058 8	1.017 4	1.017 1	1.077 5	1.007 8	1.049 4	1.049 0	1.026 5	1.026 4	0.953 4	0.953 4
90	LW	15.05	15.09	1.074 3	1.074 0	1.007 1	1.007 8	1.069 3	1.069 0	1.037 0	1.037 6	1.031 0	1.031 1	0.927 4	0.927 1
80	EW	12.22	12.30	1.051 2	1.050 9	1.015 2	1.014 6	1.073 2	1.073 3	1.045 2	1.045 3	1.024 1	1.024 6	0.962 1	0.962 3
80	LW	13.56	13.59	1.069 2	1.069 7	1.006 7	1.007 0	1.064 2	1.064 5	1.034 2	1.034 4	1.029 3	1.029 0	0.935 1	0.935 8
70	EW	11.04	11.07	1.045 3	1.045 5	1.013 3	1.013 4	1.068 0	1.068 2	1.041 3	1.041 0	1.022 0	1.022 3	0.968 0	0.968 4
70	LW	12.33	12.41	1.064 4	1.064 8	1.006 2	1.006 3	1.059 1	1.059 7	1.031 0	1.031 6	1.028 1	1.028 5	0.944 2	0.944 3
60	EW	9.73	9.77	1.038 8	1.038 8	1.010 9	1.010 4	1.060 5	1.060 3	1.036 2	1.036 6	1.019 3	1.018 7	0.972 6	0.972 8
60	LW	10.83	10.85	1.057 2	1.057 9	1.005 4	1.005 9	1.053 4	1.054 0	1.027 1	1.027 3	1.025 2	1.025 6	0.950 4	0.950 4
50	EW	8.36	8.39	1.031 6	1.031 0	1.008 7	1.008 4	1.052 1	1.052 6	1.030 6	1.030 9	1.016 4	1.016 4	0.975 4	0.975 9
50	LW	9.31	9.32	1.049 2	1.049 3	1.004 7	1.004 7	1.046 7	1.046 6	1.023 3	1.022 9	1.055 0	1.055 1	0.957 2	0.957 6
40	EW	7.01	7.03	1.024 4	1.024 4	1.007 1	1.007 6	1.043 3	1.043 2	1.025 1	1.025 4	1.014 3	1.014 4	0.979 1	0.978 5
40	LW	7.79	7.84	1.040 1	1.040 3	1.004 0	1.004 4	1.037 5	1.037 7	1.019 4	1.019 0	1.018 4	1.018 0	0.966 3	0.966 4
30	EW	5.57	5.58	1.018 3	1.018 8	1.005 6	1.005 3	1.033 1	1.033 2	1.020 0	1.020 7	1.011 0	1.011 2	0.984 0	0.984 2
30	LW	6.21	6.24	1.031 1	1.031 0	1.003 1	1.002 9	1.028 0	1.028 5	1.015 2	1.015 4	1.015 3	1.015 7	0.974 5	0.974 3
20	EW	4.10	4.17	1.012 1	1.012 5	1.003 6	1.003 7	1.022 7	1.022 0	1.014 4	1.014 4	1.008 3	1.008 0	0.989 1	0.989 6
20	LW	4.57	4.57	1.023 5	1.023 3	1.002 3	1.002 3	1.019 5	1.019 6	1.011 0	1.011 5	1.011 1	1.011 3	0.984 0	0.984 2
10	EW	2.39	2.44	1.007 2	1.007 4	1.002 1	1.002 6	1.012 4	1.012 6	1.008 6	1.008 8	1.005 1	1.005 6	0.994 4	0.994 3
10	LW	2.65	2.68	1.013 4	1.013 0	1.001 3	1.001 0	1.010 6	1.010 8	1.006 3	1.006 3	1.006 2	1.006 4	0.991 3	0.991 8

表3

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试样类型Sample type	纤维素质量分数Cellulose	半纤维素质量分数Hemicellulose	木质素质量分数Lignin
早材Earlywood	43.43 ± 0.20	12.13 ± 0.50	27.38 ± 0.10
晚材Latewood	45.46 ± 0.40	16.16 ± 0.20	21.95 ± 0.70

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