基于测交设计的湿加松生长性状遗传分析及优良家系选择

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260117

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Based on the progeny determination data from genetic design trials involving cross-breeding between Pinus elliottii and P. caribaea, this study analyzed the genetic variation patterns of growth traits in the hybrid pine. The superior parents with high combining ability and hybrid combinations with heterosis were screened, aiming to provide a reliable theoretical basis and material foundation for developing hybrid breeding programs and selecting elite families in P. elliottii × P. caribaea. Method: A total of 27 P. elliottii × P. caribaea families (6 × 5 testcrossing design, with missing 3 combinations) were used as research materials, and the tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and wood volume of the 15-year-old trees were measured. The genetic parameters were estimated through analysis of variance. The parental evaluation and selection of superior hybrid combinations were conducted by analyzing combining ability and calculating heterosis. Result: The average values of tree height, DBH, and timber volume of 15-year-old hybrid pines were 18.87 m, 22.64 cm, and 0.42 m³, respectively, with average heterosis of 9.42%, 19.29%, and 87.62%, respectively. There were extremely significant differences in DBH and timber volume among paternal, maternal, and their interaction effects, while tree height only showed significant differences among maternal parents. The heritability for tree height, DBH, and volume was 0.26, 0.29, and 0.27, respectively, indicating moderate genetic control. For tree height traits, the parent interaction was greater than the maternal effect, which was in turn greater than the paternal effect. The general combining ability (GCA) effect exceeded the special combining ability (SCA) effect. For DBH and volume traits, the variance component of the parent interaction was close to the sum of the maternal and paternal effects. The paternal effect was significantly greater than the maternal effect, and the SCA effect exceeded the GCA effect. The paternal additive contribution to DBH and volume was significantly higher than that of the maternal parent, while the maternal parent contributed more to tree height than the paternal parent. The GCA range of the maternal parent for tree height, DBH, and wood volume was –1.2119?0.8338 m, –3.1639?2.2895 cm, and –0.1223?0.1005 m³, respectively, while the paternal parent GCA ranged from –0.8299?0.5333 m, –3.4347?2.3379 cm, and –0.1292?0.1040 m³, respectively. S7 and H3 had the highest GCA, being the optimal maternal and paternal parents, respectively. The SCA ranges for tree height, DBH, and wood volume were –1.6523?1.4606 m, –4.5242?3.6855 cm, and –0.1855~0.1305 m³, respectively. The hybrid combination of S6×H3 had the highest SCA. Five high-yield stable hybrid families were selected based on comprehensive absolute growth, parental combining ability, and intra-family variation, which were S6×H3, S16×H22, S6×H8, S7×H9, and S13×H8, and their average genetic gain of 9.26% in volume and an average better-parent heterosis was 171.78% in volume. Conclusion: P. elliottii × P. caribaea exhibits strong rapid growth potential and high heterosis in the central Guangxi region. The interactions between parental lines exert a greater influence on growth traits than the individual parental effects. The heterosis observed is primarily driven by dominant and epistatic effects, with additive effects playing a secondary role. The maternal parent exerts a stronger influence on tree height growth than the paternal parent, while the paternal parent has a greater effect on radial growth than the maternal parent. The above conclusions provide a reliable theoretical basis for formulating the breeding program of P. elliottii × P. caribaea. Additionally, three key breeding parents of P. elliottii and P. caribaea, and five superior families of P. elliottii × P. caribaea were selected, providing high-quality materials for P. elliottii × P. caribaea breeding and the promotion of superior varieties.

Key words: Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea, tester strain, growth traits, genetic variation, genetic parameter

CLC Number:

S791.24

Xiuling Song,Yuanheng Feng,La Hu,Peidong Yan,Huilan Xu,Ying Hu,Ning Liu,Zhangqi Yang. Genetic Analysis of Growth Traits in Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea Based on a Test-Cross Design and Selection of Superior Families[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(10): 141-149.

Figures/Tables 9

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Table 8

Multiple comparisons in seedling growth traits of hybrid combinations"

杂交组合 Cross combination	树高 Tree height		胸径 DBH		单株材积 Individual volume
杂交组合 Cross combination	均值 Mean/m	超亲优势 Heterosis (%)	均值 Mean/cm	超亲优势 Heterosis (%)	均值 Mean/m³	超亲优势 Heterosis (%)
S6×H3	21.46 ± 2.46 a	23.28	27.35 ± 5.00 a	41.94	0.67 ± 0.30 a	180.32
S6×H8	20.13 ± 1.87 ab	15.61	26.05 ± 3.70 abc	35.21	0.54 ± 0.15 abcd	128.39
S6×H9	18.35 ± 1.70 bcd	5.39	20.98 ± 3.93 bcde	8.91	0.33 ± 0.14 cdef	40.05
S6×H18	18.82 ± 2.04 abc	8.11	19.42 ± 5.00 de	0.80	0.31 ± 0.21 def	28.47
S6×H22	18.81 ± 2.30 abc	8.05	20.32 ± 4.70 cde	5.46	0.34 ± 0.20 cdef	40.73
S7×H3	19.04 ± 3.01 abc	5.43	24.35 ± 6.40 abcd	33.60	0.49 ± 0.28 abcde	117.77
S7×H8	18.52 ± 3.54 abc	2.54	19.22 ± 3.14 de	5.42	0.29 ± 0.15 def	25.84
S7×H9	19.86 ± 2.10 ab	10.00	25.88 ± 4.62 abc	41.98	0.54 ± 0.21 abcd	138.33
S7×H22	19.75 ± 2.37 abc	9.38	27.35 ± 7.29 a	50.04	0.64 ± 0.34 ab	180.65
S10×H3	19.34 ± 2.40 abc	2.71	24.58 ± 5.80 abcd	25.55	0.50 ± 0.25 abcde	91.02
S10×H8	18.65 ± 0.35 abc	–0.96	19.35 ± 1.90 de	–1.17	0.28 ± 0.05 def	4.55
S10×H9	18.51 ± 3.00 abc	–1.71	20.42 ± 3.90 cde	4.31	0.32 ± 0.15 cdef	21.69
S10×H18	19.04 ± 1.90 bcd	1.11	17.89 ± 3.42 e	–8.65	0.23 ± 0.11 ef	–11.08
S10×H22	19.12 ± 2.80 abc	1.55	21.96 ± 5.24 abcde	12.13	0.38 ± 0.17 bcdef	44.79
S12×H3	17.71 ± 3.30 bcd	5.70	21.93 ± 6.20 abcde	27.57	0.39 ± 0.30 bcdef	105.11
S12×H9	16.70 ± 2.68 cd	–0.30	18.50 ± 3.55 e	7.64	0.24 ± 0.13 ef	27.57
S12×H18	17.25 ± 2.90 bcd	2.99	16.15 ± 1.97 e	–6.04	0.18 ± 0.07 f	–2.58
S12×H22	18.21 ± 1.50 bcd	8.73	18.41 ± 3.70 e	7.13	0.26 ± 0.12 ef	36.15
S13×H3	17.64 ± 2.80 bcd	10.40	20.72 ± 4.50 cde	10.93	0.31 ± 0.13 def	66.52
S13×H8	19.06 ± 2.62 abc	19.27	24.90 ± 3.90 abcd	33.31	0.49 ± 0.19 abcde	163.39
S13×H9	15.46 ± 3.80 d	–3.24	19.77 ± 3.86 de	5.85	0.26 ± 0.13 ef	39.71
S13×H22	19.61 ± 2.65 abc	22.74	24.58 ± 5.20 abcd	31.58	0.50 ± 0.27 abcde	172.13
S16×H3	19.81 ± 2.00 ab	25.10	26.56 ± 6.44 ab	53.77	0.60 ± 0.34 ab	259.06
S16×H8	17.94 ± 2.40 bcd	13.28	17.74 ± 3.40 e	2.69	0.24 ± 0.12 ef	40.74
S16×H9	18.21 ± 2.00 bcd	15.01	20.41 ± 3.70 cde	18.13	0.31 ± 0.15 cdef	88.14
S16×H18	18.90 ± 2.10 abc	19.34	20.45 ± 2.14 cde	18.38	0.32 ± 0.09 cdef	89.88
S16×H22	19.77 ± 1.90 abc	24.81	26.66 ± 5.44 ab	54.31	0.58 ± 0.26 abc	248.45

Table 8

Table 9

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母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent
母本 Female parent	H3	H8	H9	H18	H22
S6	√	√	√	√	√
S7	√	√	√	?	√
S10	√	√	√	√	√
S12	√	?	√	√	√
S13	√	√	√	?	√
S16	√	√	√	√	√

变异来源 Variance source	自由度 df	树高 Tree height			胸径 DBH			单株材积 Individual volume
变异来源 Variance source	自由度 df	均方MS	F	P	均方MS	F	P	均方MS	F	P
区组Block	4	20.344	3.28	0.012	54.87	2.22	0.067	0.08725	1.59	0.177
母本Female	5	30.574	4.93	0.000	120.94	4.90	0.000	0. 2192	4.00	0.002
父本Male	4	33.144	5.34	0.000	373.64	15.14	0.000	0. 7616	13.90	0.000
母本×父本Female×male	17	11.150	1.80	0.029	73.80	2.99	0.000	0.1381	2.52	0.001
区组×母本×父本Block×female×male	68	6.586	1.06	0.365	23.252	0.94	0.606	0.0459	0.84	0.804

性状 Traits	方差分量 Variance component					表型变异数 Phenotypic coefficient of variation	遗传变异系数 Genetic coefficient of variation	家系遗传力 Family heritability	单株遗传力 Individual heritability
性状 Traits	$ \sigma_{\mathrm{f}}^2 $	$ \sigma_{\mathrm{m}}^2 $	$ \sigma_{\mathrm{fm}}^2 $	$ \sigma_{\mathrm{bfm}}^2 $	$ \sigma_{\mathrm{e}}^2 $	表型变异数 Phenotypic coefficient of variation	遗传变异系数 Genetic coefficient of variation	家系遗传力 Family heritability	单株遗传力 Individual heritability
树高Tree height	0.3390	0.2442	0.4895	0.0449	6.2022	14.34	5.49	0.26	0.16
胸径DBH	1.0684	3.5039	5.0032	0.1766	24.1136	25.70	13.67	0.29	0.27
单株材积Volume	0.0017	0.0068	0.0083	0.0004	0.0521	62.28	30.65	0.27	0.25

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	树高 Tree height		胸径 DBH		单株材积 Individual volume
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	均方MS	F	均方MS	F	均方MS	F
区组Block	4	16.203436	2.58^*	16.316835	0.67	0.030850	0.58
母本一般配合力Female parent GCA	5	22.894633	2.27	102.301833	1.63	0.184359	1.55
父本一般配合力Male parent GCA	4	20.895522	2.06	184.134029	2.89^*	0.366111	3.03^*
特殊配合力SCA	17	11.150016	1.77^*	73.800280	3.03^**	0.138079	2.62^**
机误Error	303	6.289140		24.363119		0.052784

配合力组分 Variance components of combining ability	树高 Tree height	胸径 DBH	单株材积 Individual volume
母本一般配合力方差 Variance of female parent GCA	0.336 2	1.033 8	0.001 7
父本一般配合力方差 Variance of male parent GCA	0.220 1	2.468 7	0.005 0
一般配合力方差 Variance of GCA	0.556 3	3.502 5	0.006 7
特殊配合力方差 Variance of SCA	0.437 0	4.444 9	0.007 7

Genetic Analysis of Growth Traits in Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea Based on a Test-Cross Design and Selection of Superior Families

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	亲本 Parent	一般配合力 General combining ability
	亲本 Parent	树高 Tree height/m	胸径 DBH/cm	单株材积 Individual volume/m³
母本 Female parent	S6	0.833 8	0.913 1	0.047 6
	S7	0.613 4	2.289 5	0.100 5
	S10	0.253 1	–1.071 7	–0.047 1
	S12	–1.211 9	–3.163 9	–0.122 3
	S13	–0.736 6	0.580 5	0.000 6
	S16	0.248 2	0.452 5	0.020 7
父本 Male parent	H3	0.487 7	2.337 9	0.104 0
	H8	0.179 0	–0.459 8	–0.023 8
	H9	–0.829 9	–0.916 7	–0.054 6
	H18	–0.176 7	–3.434 7	–0.129 2
	H22	0.533 3	1.300 7	0.060 2

杂交组合 Cross combination	特殊配合力 Special combining ability			杂交组合Cross combination	特殊配合力 Special combining ability
杂交组合 Cross combination	树高 Tree height/m	胸径 DBH/cm	单株材积 Individual volume/m³	杂交组合Cross combination	树高 Tree height/m	胸径 DBH/cm	单株材积 Individual volume/m³
S6×H3	1.460 6	2.185 8	0.126 3	S12×H3	–0.249 4	0.841 3	0.016 0
S6×H8	0.433 5	3.685 5	0.130 5	S12×H9	0.062 9	0.669 5	0.028 2
S6×H9	–0.335 3	–0.923 3	–0.049 1	S12×H18	–0.040 3	0.837 5	0.045 9
S6×H18	–0.515 9	0.030 4	–0.002 0	S12×H22	0.212 2	–1.635 4	–0.070 4
S6×H22	–1.236 3	–3.805 9	–0.162 2	S13×H3	–0.789 9	–4.109 5	–0.185 5
S7×H3	–0.741 4	–2.184 6	–0.099 2	S13×H8	0.936 0	2.868 1	0.122 1
S7×H8	–0.954 5	–4.524 2	–0.180 3	S13×H9	–1.652 3	–1.804 9	–0.076 6
S7×H9	1.401 3	2.597 9	0.106 2	S13×H22	1.136 2	0.784 2	0.054 3
S7×H22	–0.075 5	1.848 7	0.087 6	S16×H3	0.398 7	1.861 9	0.086 4
S10×H3	–0.078 5	1.405 2	0.056 0	S16×H8	–1.165 9	–4.163 8	–0.151 0
S10×H8	–0.460 9	–1.029 6	–0.043 6	S16×H9	0.117 7	–1.039 5	–0.040 9
S10×H9	0.405 7	0.500 4	0.032 2	S16×H18	0.149 7	1.521 1	0.036 6
S10×H18	0.283 2	0.481 0	0.020 7	S16×H22	0.306 4	2.992 9	0.112 5
S10×H22	–0.343 0	–0.184 5	–0.021 8

杂交组合 Cross combination	平均值±标准差 Means±SD	显著性 Sig.	母本一般配合力 Female GCA	父本一般配合力 Male GCA	特殊配合力 SCA	超亲优势 Heterosis (%)	遗传增益 Genetic gains (%)
S6×H3	0.67 ± 0.30	a	0.047 6	0.104 0	0.126 3	180.32	16.07
S16×H22	0.58 ± 0.26	abc	0.020 7	0.060 2	0.112 5	248.45	10.29
S6×H8	0.54 ± 0.15	abcd	0.047 6	–0.023 8	0.130 5	128.39	7.71
S7×H9	0.54 ± 0.21	abcd	0.100 5	–0.054 6	0.106 2	138.33	7.71
S13×H8	0.49 ± 0.19	abcde	0.000 6	–0.023 8	0.122 1	163.39	4.50

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