树形调整对香榧成花和坐果的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230104

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the number and opening angle adjustment of Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii skeleton branches were performed in order to explore their effects on the formation of mixed bud and fruit setting, so as to provide a scientific basis for tree cultivation of T. grandis cv. Merrillii young forest and to promote early fruiting and high yield. Method: Single factor and interactive experiments with the number and opening angle of skeleton branches were conducted to investigate the development of flowers and fruits, proportion of mixed buds, and fruit setting rate. Light intensity, endogenous hormone content, photosynthetic carbon assimilate content, carbon nitrogen ratio and other indicators were determined. Result: The number adjustment of skeleton branches had a great effect on the light transmission ability, and 3 skeleton branches (N3) and 4 skeleton branches (N4) significantly increased the light intensity in the central and lower layers of T. grandis cv. Merrillii canopy, which was conducive to improving the utilization of light energy and promoting flowering and fruit setting. Treatment with an opening angle of 60° (A60°) significantly reduced the contents of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA₁ and GA₃) in mixed buds, increased the ratio of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA₁₊₃, CTKs/IAA and CTKs/GA₁₊₃, and significantly increased the contents of sucrose and starch, and C/N ratio in mixed buds. The proportion of mixed buds in a tree significantly increased. The interactive treatment with the number and opening angle of skeleton branches effectively improved the light intensity and the net photosynthetic rate. Under the treatments of N3-A60° and N4-A60°, the light intensity of the central layer reached 25 000–27 000 lux, and that of the lower layer reached 11 000–14 000 lux, and the net photosynthetic rate reached 9.07 and 9.70 μmol CO₂·m^?2 s^?1, respectively. In addition, N3-A60° and N4-A60° also significantly increased the contents of GAs and some cytokinins in young fruits, significantly promoted the accumulation of sucrose and total soluble sugars in fruits, and improved the fruit setting rate. Conclusion: Both the number and opening angle of skeleton branches can promote the flowering and fruit setting of T. grandis cv. Merrillii young forest, and the interaction between 3 and 4 skeleton branches with opening angle of 60° has the best promotion effect.

Key words: Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii, tree management, light intensity, endogenous hormone, flowering and fruit setting

CLC Number:

S718.43

Hao Cheng,Jiasheng Wu,Shuang Ma,Jiayue Zhong,Yuanyuan Hu,Weiwu Yu,Chenliang Yu,lili Song,Jinwei Suo. Effects of Tree Shape Adjustment on Flower Formation and Fruit Setting of Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(11): 49-58.

Figures/Tables 11

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内源激素 Endogenous hormone	开张角度30° Opening angle of 30°	开张角度A60° Opening angle of 60°	开张角度A90° Opening angle of 90°
生长素 IAA	190.869±2.147b	165.551±1.294c	232.453±6.542a
赤霉素 GA₁	23.302±3.693a	12.11±0.974c	16.142±0.818b
赤霉素 GA₃	157.789±19.243a	115.637±5.485b	140.098±9.963ab
脱落酸 ABA	32 026.039±167.311a	32 803.595±1 124.423a	30 042.294±641.028b
玉米素核苷 tZ	1.075±0.052b	1.062±0.044b	1.542±0.106a
反式玉米素核苷 tZR	2.142±0.089b	2.274±0.176b	4.516±0.502a
二氢玉米素 DHZ	0.933±0.087b	1.062±0.049b	1.708±0.249a
ABA/IAA	167.808±2.048b	198.107±6.414a	129.265±1.093c
ABA/GA₁₊₃	164.909±9.037b	256.841±2.479a	192.957±12.07b
CTKs/IAA	0.022±0.001c	0.027±0.002b	0.033±0.002a
CTKs/GA₁₊₃	0.023±0.004c	0.035±0.004b	0.05±0.005a

内源激素 Endogenous hormone	开张角度30° Opening angle of 30°	开张角度A60° Opening angle of 60°	开张角度A90° Opening angle of 90°
生长素 IAA	652.383±121.04a	446.773±17.893b	393.634±8.208b
赤霉素 GA₁	12.173±2.436b	33.6±1.517a	12.632±2.733b
赤霉素 GA₃	69.406±13.542b	105.3±7.152a	70.148±4.618b
脱落酸 ABA	20 171.659±2 783.987b	19 469.759±1 148.819b	33 794.567±415.065a
玉米素核苷 tZ	2.703±0.217b	3.702±0.393a	3.28±0.117ab
反式玉米素核苷 tZR	2.043±0.27a	1.735±0.142a	1.208±0.033b
二氢玉米素 DHZ	5.271±0.9b	8.003±0.445a	6.922±0.119a
IAA/ABA	0.026±0.000a	0.023±0.000b	0.012±0.000c
GA₁₊₃/ABA	0.004±0.000b	0.007±0.001a	0.002±0.000c
CTKs/ABA	0.000 4±0.000b	0.000 7±0.000a	0.000 3±0.000c
(IAA+GA₁₊₃+CTKs)/ABA	0.030±0.000a	0.031±0.001a	0.014±0.000b

处理 Treatment	上层光照度 Upper layer illumination/lux	中层光照度 Central layer illumination/lux	下层光照度 Lower layer illumination/lux
CK-A30°	28 992 ± 926.1b	16 916 ± 791.89d	8 547 ± 259.28c
N3-A30°	29 201 ± 833.09b	20 068 ± 1 037.48c	7 415 ± 188.97d
N4-A30°	29 229 ± 794.93b	16 189 ± 803.21d	7 378 ± 698.33d
CK-A60°	31 961 ± 2 458.35a	20279 ± 817.13c	9 221 ± 680.01c
N3-A60°	31 707 ± 2 523.59a	26 854 ± 1 497.39a	13 934 ± 1 336.26a
N4-A60°	31 731 ± 944.98a	25 249 ± 2 147.96b	11 540 ± 395.98b

处理 Treatment	果糖 Fructose/(mg·g^?1)	葡萄糖 Glucose/(mg·g^?1)	蔗糖 Sucrose/(mg·g^?1)	淀粉 Starch/(mg·g^?1)
CK-A30°	502±6.85c	74±4.5d	424±14c	522±8.76bc
N3-A30°	494±21.23c	104±2.32bcd	449±20.69c	491±17.97c
N4-A30°	507±9.67bc	83±20.19cd	499±17.67b	483±2.01c
CK-A60°	550±13.49a	135±4.5ab	455±7.36c	650±67.43a
N3-A60°	535±10.68ab	122±36.57abc	499±3.16b	573±22.43b
N4-A60°	551±16.43a	148±11.42a	546±19.84a	577±19.54b

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Effects of Tree Shape Adjustment on Flower Formation and Fruit Setting of Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii

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