黑龙江省3种主要火源引发森林火灾的次数和面积时空分布特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210613

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In this study,the temporal and spatial patterns of forest fires caused by lightning,agricultural fire and smoking fire were analyzed based on the historical data of forest fires in Heilongjiang Province,which would provide scientific basis for management of forest fires in this area. Method: Based on the data of forest fires in Heilongjiang Province from 1997-2017, the temporal variations of three fire sources were analyzed respectively. The differences of the total fire areas caused by three fire sources in different months and days were analyzed by two factor analysis of variance. The spatial distribution patterns of three fire sources were analyzed by multi distance spatial clustering analysis (Ripley's K function). Result: From 1997 to 2017, the forest fires caused by lightning fire were the most frequent and harmful among the forest fires in Heilongjiang Province,and the number of the occurence increased in recent years. Lightning fire occurred mainly in Daxing'anling area,and most frequently in June and July. However,the average area of forest fires caused by lightning was the largest from 16:00-16:59 in September every year. The frequency and total area of the other two forest fires (caused by agricultural fire and field smoking) mainly occurred in April and May,showing a fluctuating decline from 1997-2017. The agricultural fire-caused maximum forest fires (average area) annually occurred from 12:00-12:59 in June and from 16:00-16:59 in September. However,there was no difference in the total area of fire sites caused by smoking fire over months and days in the field,indicating that fire prevention should be focused on the fire source in the time of high frequency and high degree of harm. From the perspective of space,agricultural fire mainly occurred in Heihe municipal district,Nenjiang County,sunke County and Qitaihe City; smoking fire mainly in Songling Forestry Bureau,Jiagedaqi Forestry Bureau,Xunke County,Jiayin County,Qitaihe City and Jidong County. Conclusion: With the gradual strengthening of fire source control,forest fire monitoring and fighting capacity in Heilongjiang Province,a total area of forest fires (including lightning,field smoking and agricultural fire) has decreased significantly in recent years compared with that before. Most of the forest fires occur in spring and summer. The forest fires caused by the three fire sources are mainly concentrated in Daxing'anling area in the northwest,Heihe and Yichun in the North and Qitaihe in the southeast.

Key words: Heilongjiang Province, forest fire source, temporal change, spatial pattern

CLC Number:

S762

Sainan Yin,Dongchang Wang,Yanlong Shan,Xiyue Han,Bo Gao,Mingxia Wang. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Forest Fires (Frequency and Area) Caused by Three Main Fire Sources in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(6): 115-124.

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参数 Parameter	雷击火Lightning			农事用火Agricultural			野外吸烟Smoking
参数 Parameter	F	df	P	F	df	P	F	df	P
月份 Month	3.99	6	0.00	13.66	7	0.00	0.73	6	0.63
时刻 Time	3.31	17	0.00	11.99	19	0.00	0.59	14	0.87
月份×时刻 Month×Time	2.52	53	0.00	8.63	53	0.00	0.87	36	0.69

参数Parameter	F	df	P
雷击火Lightning
时刻×月份(9月)Time×Month(September)	2.71	5	0.00
农事用火Agricultural 时刻×月份(6月)Time×Month(June)	11.41	11	0.00
时刻×月份(9月)Time×Month(September)	33.63	4	0.00

时刻 Time	农事用火(6月) Agricultural(June)	农事用火(9月) Agricultural(September)	雷击火(9月) Lightning(September)
7：00—7：59	27.40±6.91 b	—	—
8：00—8：59	81.00±72.12 b	—	—
9：00—9：59	79.25±103.23 b	—	—
10：00—10：59	286.92±527.44 b	—	—
11：00—11：59	90.75±126.22 b	—	—
12：00—12：59	1 666.67±992.89 a	271.00±315.83 b	19.53±15.40 b
13：00—13：59	53.53±59.63 b	34.90±54.67 b	18.87±27.71 b
14：00—14：59	43.06±48.13 b	30.20±33.11 b	4.08±4.50 b
15：00—15：59	47.22±41.25 b	449.98±687.92 b	8.20±11.31 b
16：00—16：59	146.44±228.48 b	2 833.75±2014.17 a	882.00±696.96 a
17：00—17：59	58.75±30.65 b	—	5.55±7.71 b
22：00—22：59	130.00±113.14 b	—	—

地区 Area	火灾次数 Fire times	火场总面积 Total fire area/hm²
嫩江县 Nenjiang County	73	14 332.63
黑河市市辖区 Heihe municipal district	55	17 248.50
孙吴县 Sunwu County	40	20 606.30
逊克县 Xunke County	31	11 802.67
五大连池市 Wudalianchi City	29	7 639.67
宝清县 Baoqing County	17	76.20
双鸭山市市辖区 Shuangyashan municipal district	16	10.36
伊春市市辖区 Yichun municipal district	14	218.00
七台河市市辖区 Qitaihe municipal district	13	111.09
北安市 Bei’an City	12	491.94
穆棱市 Muling City	11	213.65
饶河县 Raohe County	11	487.74
尚志市 Shangzhi City	11	42.03
嘉荫县 Jiayin County	10	488.05
韩家园林业局 Hanjiayuan Forestry Bureau	9	110.30
牡丹江市市辖区 Mudanjiang municipal district	9	35.39
桦南县 Huanan County	9	5 181.21
密山市 Mishan City	8	234.80
林口县 Linkou County	8	33.41
虎林市 Hulin City	8	88.29
集贤县 Jixian County	7	4.00
铁力市 Tieli City	6	57.80
东宁县 Dongning County	6	182.16
勃利县 Boli County	5	76.23
方正县 Fangzheng County	5	2.67
鸡东县 Jidong County	5	44.80
宁安市 Ning’an City	5	28.00
松岭林业局 Songling Forestry Bureau	5	238.30

地区 Area	火灾次数 Fire times	火场总面积 Total fire area/hm²
嘉荫县 Jiayin County	58	65 197.19
伊春市市辖区 Yichun municipal district	40	1 657.37
加格达奇林业局 Jiagedaqi Forestry Bureau	28	24 434.60
韩家园林业局 Hanjiayuan Forestry Bureau	25	1 763.61
七台河市市辖区 Qitaihe municipal district	18	36.39
逊克县 Xunke County	15	3 142.70
嫩江县 Nenjiang County	13	292.05
黑河市市辖区 Heihe municipal district	12	26 446.00
萝北县 Luobei County	10	145.80
孙吴县 Sunwu County	8	962.30
呼玛县林业局 Forestry Bureau of Huma County	7	1 241.10
桦南县 Huanan County	7	96.50
塔河林业局 Tahe Forestry Bureau	7	695.80
汤原县 Tangyuan County	7	121.88
松岭林业局 Songling Forestry Bureau	6	1 835.07
方正县 Fangzheng County	5	40.60
海林市 Hailin City	5	37.11
虎林市 Hulin City	5	33.50
五大连池市 Wudalianchi City	5	436.59
鸡东县 Jidong County	4	84.50
铁力市 Tieli City	4	13.00
依兰县 Yilan County	4	17.17

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Forest Fires (Frequency and Area) Caused by Three Main Fire Sources in Heilongjiang Province

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