内蒙古大兴安岭典型乔灌树种及其地表死可燃物热解特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200711

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The study on the pyrolysis characteristics of forest fuel can help us to understand the difficulty level of forest fire occurrence and the characteristics of potential fire behavior, which is of great significance for the rational selection of fire-resistant tree species and the construction of biological fire-resistant forest belt. In this paper, the pyrolysis process of forest fuel in Bilahe forest area in Daxing'an Mountains of Inner Mongolia was obtained by thermogravimetric analysis in order to select the tree species with good fire resistance. Method: Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the thermogravimetric behavior of five typical tree species in Bilahe forest area: Populus davidiana, Larix gmelinii, Betula dahurica, Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica (trunks, barks, branches) and surface dead fuel (undecomposed layer, semi-decomposed layer and decomposed layer), and three typical shrub species: Corylus heterophylla, Rhododendron dauricum, Lespedeza bicolor (twigs) under the conditions of heating rate of 30℃·min^-1 and oxygen flow rate of 20 mL·min^-1. TG-DTG curve was used to analyze the pyrolysis process, Coats-Redfem integration method was used to conduct the kinetic analysis of the rapid pyrolysis stage, the pyrolysis characteristic index P was used to comprehensively evaluate the pyrolysis characteristics, and the activation energy, ignition temperature and pyrolysis characteristic index were used to comprehensively analyze the fire resistance. Result: The pyrolysis process of forest fuel under air atmosphere can be divided into dehydration stage, rapid pyrolysis stage and carbonization stage. The activation energy (E), frequency factor (A) and correlation coefficient (R) of forest fuel during the rapid pyrolysis stage can be calculated by Coats-Redfem integration method of the first-order reaction kinetics model. Combing the comprehensive analysis of thermal stability, ignition temperature and pyrolysis characteristic index, the fire resistance of five tree species was Larix gmelinii > Betula platyphylla > Betula dahurica > Populus davidiana > Quercus mongolica. The fire resistance of three shrub species was Corylus heterophylla > Lespedeza bicolor > Rhododendron dauricum. The fire resistance of surface dead fuel of five tree species was Larix gmelinii > Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica > Populus davidiana, Quercus mongolica. Conclusion: The fire resistance of Larix gmelinii and Corylus heterophylla are the best among the selected samples. The results can provide theoretical basis for decision-making of selection of fire-resistant tree species in Daxing'an Mountains, Inner Mongolia.

Key words: thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis characteristics, forest fuel, fire resistance, Coats-Redfem integration method

CLC Number:

S762

Heng Zhang,Yaxing Zhen,Jiayan Li,Jiang Xue,Qiuliang Zhang. Pyrolysis Characteristics of Typical Tree and Shrub Species and Their Surface Dead Fuel in Daxing'an Mountains of Inner Mongolia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 104-114.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Table 2

Pyrolysis kinetic parameters and pyrolysis characteristic index of 8 species of tree samples"

样品名称 Names of sample			温度范围 Temperature range/℃	动力学参数Kinetic parameters				热解特性指数 Pyrolysis characteristic index(P)/(10^-7%·min^-1℃^-3)
样品名称 Names of sample			温度范围 Temperature range/℃	拟合方程 Fitting equation	活化能 Activation energy(E)/(kJ·mol^-1)	频率因子 Frequency factor(A)/s^-1	相关系数 Correlation coefficient(R)
乔木Trees	树干Trunk	白桦 B. platyphylla	306.2~338.8	y=-31 354.0 x+38.408 1	260.677 2	1.963 3×10^-11	-0.999 8	0.821
		黑桦 B. dahurica	306.7~331.6	y=-29 908.3 x+37.270 4	248.657 6	5.842 3×10^-11	-0.990 8	0.929
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	321.2~346.4	y=-32 233.9 x+39.825 0	267.992 6	4.893 9×10^-12	-0.986 0	0.632
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	288.1~321.0	y=-24 421.2 x+27.917 9	203.037 9	5.499 2×10^-7	-0.976 4	1.434
		山杨 P. davidiana	323.1~343.8	y=-32 334.1 x+40.121 5	248.574 5	1.328 7×10^-10	-0.990 8	0.979
	树皮Bark	白桦 B. platyphylla	294.6~324.9	y=-23 186.8 x+26.258 6	192.775 1	2.744 1×10^-6	-0.959 5	1.234
		黑桦 B. dahurica	293.3~325.4	y=-21 617.0 x+23.685 7	179.723 7	3.352 3×10^-5	-0.959 3	0.725
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	285.1~306.2	y=-32 228.1 x+43.126 6	267.944 4	1.801 8×10^-13	-0.936 8	0.623
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	287.3~311.6	y=-28 675.0 x+36.741 1	238.404 0	9.509 7×10^-11	-0.954 7	1.181
		山杨 P. davidiana	282.9~323.8	y=-8 846.5 x+74.537 5	132.414 6	3.059 4×10^-1	-0.938 7	0.681
	树枝Branch	白桦 B. platyphylla	294.3~315.0	y=-25 705.2 x+30.912 1	213.713 0	2.898 6×10^-8	-0.976 7	1.277
		黑桦 B. dahurica	288.2~317.8	y=-30 879.9 x+40.922 8	256.735 5	1.564 1×10^-12	-0.956 1	1.125
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	284.6~308.8	y=-28 859.9 x+37.248 1	239.941 2	5.764 6×10^-11	-0.961 0	0.692
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	287.9~316.6	y=-29 112.2 x+37.345 9	242.038 8	5.273 2×10^-11	-0.970 2	1.151
		山杨 P. davidiana	283.8~302.9	y=-34 761.0 x+48.007 6	289.003 0	1.475 0×10^-15	-0.965 2	1.917
灌木 Shrub	枝条 Branch	平榛 C. heterophylla	292.5~315.0	y=-31 490.5 x+41.214 2	261.811 8	1.196 8×10^-12	-0.967 0	0.119
		二色胡枝子 L.bicolor	290.8~313.9	y=-29 318.2 x+37.570 9	243.751 2	4.244 4×10^-11	-0.969 8	0.122
		兴安杜鹃 R. dauricum	288.4~318.3	y=-13 404.1 x+10.315 9	111.441 7	1.325 7×10¹	-0.969 0	0.094
乔木地表死可燃物 Tree surface dead fuel	未分解层 Undecomposed layer	白桦 B. platyphylla	288.3~320.2	y=-22 040.31 x+24.706 3	183.243 1	1.231 8×10^-5	-0.954 4	0.145
		黑桦 B. dahurica	274.5~282.3	y=-60 927.9 x+95.889 9	506.554 8	4.144 3×10^-36	-0.992 8	0.010
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	278.1~298.2	y=-17 573.3 x+18.049 9	146.104 0	7.638 5×10^-3	-0.990 5	0.215
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	277.4~297.6	y=-20 769.3 x+23.717 8	172.676 7	3.119 2×10^-5	-0.978 3	0.227
		山杨 P. davidiana	271.8~291.1	y=-2 4421.2 x+27.917 9	100.305 6	5.263 6×10¹	-0.976 4	0.436
	半分解层 Semi-decomposed layer	白桦 B. platyphylla	269.3~289.8	y=-2 299.52 x+26.319 0	18.286 8	2.280 3×10^-7	-0.984 9	0.255
		黑桦 B. dahurica	276.4~297.7	y=-8 738.8 x+2.831 5	72.654 7	1.544 9×10⁴	-0.994 7	0.208
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	273.1~280.4	y=-40 256.9 x+60.154 8	334.696 4	9.058 4×10^-21	-0.955 7	0.014
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	277.1~298.1	y=-8 129.28 x+1.797 7	67.586 8	4.040 6×10⁴	-0.991 3	0.235
		山杨 P. davidiana	252.1~309.5	y=-8 549.23 x+2.381 7	71.078 3	2.369 7×10⁴	-0.964 7	0.314
	已分解层 Decomposed layer	白桦 B. platyphylla	263.3~288.3	y=-16 165.7 x+16.087 7	134.401 9	4.999 4×10^-2	-0.990 8	0.214
		黑桦 B. dahurica	273.4~305.0	y=-13 355.8 x+10.490 3	111.040 4	1.1 140×10¹	-0.9 880	0.337
		兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	268.1~274.4	y=-153 768.3 x+269.450 0	1 278.429 8	4.399 5×10^-11	-0.986 4	0.018
		蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	260.0~269.1	y=-10 517.52 x+4.226 0	87.442 7	4.610 1×10³	-0.996 3	0.143
		山杨 P. davidiana	271.6~291.9	y=-20 282.5 x+23.151 8	168.629 1	5.364 5×10^-5	-0.983 9	0.435

Table 2

References 0

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Pyrolysis Characteristics of Typical Tree and Shrub Species and Their Surface Dead Fuel in Daxing'an Mountains of Inner Mongolia

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样品名称 Names of sample		着火温度 Ignition temperature	燃尽温度 Burnout temperature
乔木Trees
白桦 B. platyphylla	树干Trunk	306.2	338.8
	树皮Bark	294.6	324.9
	树枝Branch	294.3	315.0
黑桦 B. dahurica	树干trunk	306.7	331.6
	树皮bark	293.3	325.4
	树枝Branch	288.2	317.8
兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	树干Trunk	321.2	346.4
	树皮Bark	285.1	306.2
	树枝Branch	284.6	308.8
蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	树干Trunk	302.1	335.0
	树皮Bark	287.3	311.6
	树枝Branch	287.9	316.6
山杨 P. davidiana	树干Trunk	323.1	343.8
	树皮Bark	282.9	323.8
	树枝Branch	283.8	302.9
乔木地表死可燃物Tree surface dead fuel
白桦 B. platyphylla	UL SL	288.3 269.3	320.2 289.8
黑桦 B. dahurica	DL UL	263.3 274.5	288.3 282.3
兴安落叶松	SL	276.4	297.7
L. gmelinii	DL	273.4	305.0
蒙古栎	UL	278.1	298.2
Q. mongolica	SL	273.1	297.4
山杨	DL	268.1	287.6
P. davidiana	UL	277.4	297.6
	SL	277.1	298.1
	DL	260.0	269.1
	UL	271.8	291.1
	SL	252.1	309.5
	DL	271.6	291.9
灌木Shrub
平榛 C. heterophylla	枝条Twig	292.5	315.0
兴安杜鹃 R. dauricum	枝条Twig	288.4	313.9
二色胡枝子 L. bicolor	枝条twig	290.8	318.3