重大入侵害虫松树蜂繁殖行为及化学生态调控研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200613

Abstract

Abstract:

The European woodwasp (Sirex noctilio) (Hymenoptera:Siricidae), originated from Europe, Asia (Republic of Georgia, and Mongolia) and North Africa, is a major forestry invasive pest in the world. It has been introduced to many countries, causing great economic losses to their pine resources. In 2013, it was first found that the woodwasp invaded China and settled in northeast of China on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Therefore the monitoring techniques are urgently needed to monitor the population transmission situation, in order to control the invasive pest. In this paper, we summarize the reproductive behavior and chemical ecology regulation in S. noctilio. As to reproductive behavior, males emerge a few days to weeks earlier than females and male's population is more abundant than female's. Its eclosion is affected by climate and the height of the eclosion hole on the trunk. Males aggregate in the upper tree branches for brighter light there. Courtship behavior is regulated by physical factors (light and sound) and chemical factors (host plant volatiles and pheromone). Sirex adults are sexually mature at emergence. Both parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism can be carried out in this insect. If females are parthenogenetic, unmated females oviposit only unfertilized eggs, which develop into males. Once mating happen, mated females can oviposit both fertilized and unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs develop into females, while unfertilized eggs develop into males. The female can lay eggs after eclosion, and some of them can lay eggs after mating. The amount of laying eggs is affected by temperature and humidity, the shape of female and the symbiotic fungus in the trunk. As to chemical ecological regulation, pheromones from female's cuticle are attractive to males, while pheromones released by males are attractive to either males or virgin females. The release of pheromone is consistent with the mating rhythm. Health and damaged host plant volatile, physiologically stressed trees (pesticide injection and circumcision) in particular, are attractive to S. noctilio, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, aromatic compounds, green leaf volatiles, carbohydrates and so on. There is a dynamic releasing rhythm in volatiles from physiologically stressed hosts. The wasp can carry symbiotic fungus. Volatiles of fungi are composed of monoterpenes, aldehydes, esters and ketones, which can trigger behavioral responses of both wasps and their parasitoids. It is indicated that parasitoids locate the larvae and eggs by symbiotic fungi volatiles. Finally, forest structure improvement, natural enemies and nematode control, satellite remote sensing monitoring, inspection and quarantine are commonly used for monitoring and controlling S. noctilio in forests.

Key words: Sirex noctilio, reproductive behavior, pheromone, plant volatile, symbiotic fungus, chemical ecology

CLC Number:

S763.306

Min Bao,Haili Qiao,Juan Shi,Youqing Luo,Pengfei Lu. Research Progress in Reproductive Behavior and Chemical Ecological Regulation of the European Woodwasp (Sirex noctilio), a Severe Invasive Pest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(6): 127-141.

Figures/Tables 1

Table 1

Related semiochemicals in chemical communication of Sirex noctilio"

信息化学物质 Semiochemicals		试验地点 Location	收集方法 Collection	处理方法 Treatments	化学成分和比例 Chemical compositions and ratios	文献 References
雄蜂信息素 Male pheromone		美国纽约 NY, USA	顶空吸附 Headspace	行为生测 Behavioral test	顺-3-癸烯醇,顺-4-癸烯醇,反式-2, 4-癸二烯醛 (Z)-3-decen-1-ol, (Z)-4-decen-1-ol, (E, E)-2, 4-decadienal	Cooperband et al.(2009)
雄蜂信息素 Male pheromone		美国马萨诸塞 MA, USA	固相微萃取 SPME^①	行为生测 Behavioral test	顺-3-癸烯醇,顺-4-癸烯醇,反式-2, 4-癸二烯醛 (Z)-3-decen-1-ol, (Z)-4-decen-1-ol, (E, E)-2, 4-decadienal	Cooperband et al.(2012)
雌蜂信息素 Female pheromone		美国纽约 NY, USA	表皮洗脱液 Cuticular washes	行为观察 Observation	顺-7-二十七烯,顺-7-二十九烯,顺-9-二十九烯 (Z)-7-heptacosene, (Z)-7-nonacosene, (Z)-9-nonacosene	Böröczky et al., (2009).
小蠹虫信息素 Bark beetle pheromone		美国纽约 NY, USA	根据文献报道 References	林间试验 Field test	马鞭烯醇, (S)-(+)-小蠢二烯醇, 2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇 (Z)-verbenol, ipsdienol, methyl butenol	Hoebeke et al.(2005)
寄主植物挥发物 Host plant volatile	多脂松 Pinus resinosa	美国马萨诸塞 MA, USA	顶空吸附 Headspace	室内GC-MS^② GC-MS in lab	α-蒎烯, β-蒎烯, 3-蒈烯, α-葑烯,莰烯, β-月桂烯,柠檬烯, β-水芹烯, 3-pinanoneh,樟脑 α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, α-fenchene, camphene, β-myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, 3-pinanone, camphor	Böröczky et al.(2008)
	欧洲赤松松针 P. sylvestris needle	美国马萨诸塞 MA, USA	顶空吸附 Headspace	室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab	2-己醇,己醛, (E)-2-己醛, (Z)-3-己醇,桉叶油醇, (E)-β-法尼烯 2-hexanol, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, eucalyptol, (E)-β-farnesene	Böröczky et al.(2008)
	欧洲赤松树干 P. sylvestris trunk	美国马萨诸塞 MA, USA	顶空吸附 Headspace	室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab	α -蒎烯, β-蒎烯, 3-蒈烯, α-长叶蒎烯, α-胡椒烯, β-荜澄茄油烯, α-muurolene, γ-荜澄茄烯, δ-荜澄茄烯 α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, α-longipinene, α-copaene, β-cubebene, α-muurolene, δ-cadinene	Böröczky et al.(2008)
	TNM^④	南非 South Africa	根据预试验 Preliminary data	林间试验 Field test	(+)-α-蒎烯, (-)-α-蒎烯, (-)-β-蒎烯, (+)-3-蒈烯, (+)-莰烯, β-月桂烯, (+)-柠檬烯, (-)-柠檬烯 (+)-α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (+)-camphene, β-myrcene, (+)-limonene, (-)-limonene	Hurley et al.(2015)
	TNM	美国纽约 NY, USA	根据预试验 Preliminary data	林间试验 Field test	(+)-α-蒎烯, (-)-α-蒎烯, (-)-β-蒎烯, (+)-3-蒈烯, (+)-莰烯, β-月桂烯, (+)-柠檬烯, (-)-柠檬烯 (+)-α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (+)-camphene, β-myrcene, (+)-limonene, (-)-limonene	Sarvary et al.(2015)
	樟子松 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	顶空吸附 Headspace	室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab	三环烯, 3-侧柏烯, α-蒎烯,莰烯,桧烯, β-蒎烯, β-月桂烯,柠檬烯, trans-β-罗勒烯，萜品油烯，α-氧化蒎烯，长叶烯 Tricyclene, 3-thujene, α-pinene, Camphene, Sabinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, Limonene, trans-β-Ocimene, Terpinolene, α-pinene oxide, Longifolene	Xu et al.(2019)
	兴安落叶松 Larix gmelinii	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	顶空吸附 Headspace	室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab	三环烯, α-蒎烯,莰烯,桧烯, β-蒎烯, β-月桂烯,柠檬烯, α-雪松烯 Tricyclene, α-pinene, Camphene, Sabinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, Limonene, α-cedrene	Xu et al.(2019)
	红松 P. koraiensis	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	顶空吸附 Headspace	室内GC-MS GC-MS in lab	三环烯, 3-侧柏烯, α-蒎烯,莰烯,桧烯, β-蒎烯, β-月桂烯,柠檬烯, α-雪松烯 Tricyclene, 3-thujene, α-pinene, Camphene, Sabinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, Limonene, α-cedrene	Xu et al.(2019)
真菌挥发物 Fungal volatile		中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	固相微萃取 SPME	嗅觉仪 Olfactometer	cycloprop[e]indene-1a, 2(1H)-dicarboxaldehyde, (-)-蓝桉醇, 2-己烯,萜烯,环戊酮 cycloprop[e]indene-1a, 2(1H)-dicarboxaldehyde, (-)-globulol, 2-hexene, Terpene, Cyclopentanone	Wang et al.(2018)
		阿根廷 Argentina	固相微萃取 SPME	嗅觉仪 Olfactometer	乙醇,丙酮,乙醛, 2, 2, 8-trimethyltricyclo [6.2.2.01, 6]dodec-5-ene Ethanol, Acetone, Acetaldehyde, 2, 2, 8-trimethyltricyclo [6.2.2.01, 6]dodec-5-ene	Jofré et al.(2016)
		阿根廷 Argentina	直接培养 Cultivation	嗅觉仪 Olfactometer	菌丝体 Mycelium	Fernández et al.(2015)
		美国纽约 NY, USA	顶空吸附 Headspace	气相色谱-触角电位联用 GC-EAD^③	里那醇, 3-乙基苯乙酮, 4-乙基苯乙酮,香叶醇,茴香醛 linalool, 1-(3-ethylphenyl) ethanone, 1-(4-ethylphenyl) ethanone, geraniol, p-anisaldehyde	Bryant et al.(2010)

Table 1

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Research Progress in Reproductive Behavior and Chemical Ecological Regulation of the European Woodwasp (Sirex noctilio), a Severe Invasive Pest

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