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Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 134-140.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150917

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Progress on the Visual Sensory Mechanism of the Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Lü Fei, Hai Xiaoxia, Wang Zhigang, Bi Yongguo, Liu Bingxiang, Yan Aihua   

  1. Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Forest Trees and Forest Protection of Hebei Province College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001
  • Received:2014-04-29 Revised:2014-07-02 Online:2015-09-25 Published:2015-10-16

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Abstract:

[Objective] Longhorn beetles are important trunkborer pests of forests and can cause serious damage to forest ecosystem; some insects in cerambycidae, such as Monochamus alternatus, Anoplophora glabripennis, are even important quarantine pests. Many insects use visual, olfactory, gustatory and auditory cues to locate and recognize their preference host plants and mates. In the last few decades a great deal of work has been devoted to olfactory sense and chemical ecology. It is well known that the visual sensory system is also one of the important sensory systems of insects and plays a vital role in the behavior activities of host and mate location and recognition and so on, however, study on it is relative less compared with the research on olfactory system in the influence of behavior activities of longhorn beetle, especially the review of visual mechanism of cerambycidae is not reported. [Method] The database of Web of Science and Google Scholar, the Chinese journal full-text database of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were used to systematically search for publication relevant to visual system of cerambycidae. This paper not only introduces the characteristic anatomy structure of the visual organ of cerambycidae, but also reviews roles the visual system plays for the host and mate location and recognition of cerambycidae, as well as the utilization of research results on visual mechanism in the integrated pest management of forests. [Result] The adult of longicorn beetle possess two compound eyes, each of which is divided into two parts by antenna. The eyes occupy lateral position on either side of the head and surround the basal of antenna and the shape is kidney type and belongs to acone eye and pseudocone eye. Every ommatidium has eight retinula cells, and two central retinula cells are surrounded by six peripheral cells. The distinctions of diurnal and nocturnal longicorn beetles are mainly based on ommatidium density and the ratio of area of rhabdoms and retinula cells and so on in the anatomical structures. The visual cues of host plants and mates, including color, shape and size, are often the three key components, and those cues not only can affect mating success ratio of some longicorn beetles but also can influence host-plant location and non-host plant distinction. Light trap is one of important methods of Integrated Pest Management, and it has the merits of delaying insect resistance development, reducing control cost and little effect on environment. The trapping effect of pests was influenced significantly by the spectrum and intensity of light resource, as well as shape and color of trapping apparatus, but the light resource to lure longicorn beetles is mainly ultraviolet light, including black light and high-pressure mercury discharge lamp. The researches of spectrum and intensity of trapping light resource and shape of trapping apparatus to influence mean catch of target pests are insufficient up to now. The light trap may also be used to detect quarantine longicorn beetles in the entry-exit inspection and quarantine. [Conclusion] Visual systems play an important role in the forage searching and mating of insects, and are also important for the recognition of oviposition sites, avoidance natural enemy and so on. However, the researches of visual systems and visual ecology of longicorn beetles remain scarce. In the future, the visual physiological and ecological relevant contents should be further researched, including how to influence activity behavior of longicorn beetles by the color, shape and size of potential host plants and mates, the anatomical characteristics and distinction of diurnal and nocturnal longicorn beetles and so on. The researches can supply a theoretical basis for the development of outstanding and environmentally friendly trap and prediction and forecast device and regulate and control reasonably population structure of longicorn beetles and their nature enemy.

Key words: Trunkborers, cerambycids, visual, compound eye, light trapping

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