南方丘陵山地自走式苗木移栽机关键装置参数优化与试验

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250545

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This paper aims to explore the relationship between structural parameters and the stability, safety, and operational performance of traditional transplanting machines by combining finite element simulation and multibody dynamics analysis, so as to further enhance the performance of traditional tree transplanting machines in southern hilly and mountainous environments. Method: The RecurDyn multibody dynamics simulation software was used to dynamically analyze the tracked walking chassis, determine the adjustable track width range, and ensure the stability of the transplanting machine when operating in hilly and mountainous areas. In terms of the lifting device, the ADAMS dynamics software was employed to analyze the forces at various hinge points of the lifting boom, providing parameters for static analysis. The ANSYS static software was used to determine the optimal design parameters for the lifting boom under maximum stress conditions, ensuring the reliability and lifting capacity of the transplanting machine during lifting operations. For the torsional vibration excavation device, the ABAQUS simulation software was used to analyze the cutting soil dynamics of the shovel. The three optimal working parameters of the seedling torsional vibration digging device were determined, namely a vibration frequency (d₁) of 30 Hz, a vibration amplitude (d₂) of 7 mm, and a cutting speed (d₃) of 0.3 rad·s^-1. Result: Simulation results showed that the transplanting machine with an adjustable track width increased the maximum overturning angle of 16.7% compared to the original prototype, improving the lateral stability and flexibility of the transplanting machine in forest environments. After adopting the optimal cutting parameters for the excavation device, the cutting resistance was reduced by 24.41% compared to the initial parameters. The maximum equivalent stress of the lifting boom after structural parameter optimization decreased by 9.2%, improving the structural strength and reducing design redundancy. Field tests on driving performance showed that the transplanting machine exhibited good stability on slopes with θ ≤ 20° without tipping or slipping, and with the adjustable track width, no tipping occurred on a slope of θ = 30°, which was consistent with the simulation results. Field operation performance tests using the optimal parameters obtained from simulations showed that the transplanting machine took 64.1 seconds to dig up trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5–10 cm and 126.4 seconds for trees with a DBH of 10–20 cm. Additionally, the soil balls of the seedlings, after being lifted and bundled by the transplanting machine, were suitable for short-distance transportation. Conclusion: The experimental results confirm that the transplanter meets all performance requirements and is capable of fulfilling tree transplantation needs in hilly and mountainous terrain, providing a practical reference for tree-digging operations in southern hilly and mountainous areas.

Key words: self-propelled tree transplanter, hilly and mountainous terrain, static simulation, dynamic simulation, key device

CLC Number:

Junhao Wen,Liwen Yao,Yexin Chen,Zidong Yang,Zhongqiang Hu,Lijian Yao. Optimization and Testing of Key Device Parameters for Self-Propelled Tree Transplanting Machine in Southern Hilly and Mountainous Areas[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(7): 208-220.

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参数Parameter	数值 Value
土壤变形指数Soil deformation exponent(n)	0.5
剪切变形模量Shear deformation modulus/m	5
剪切内阻力Internal friction angle/（°）	20
粘聚变形模量Cohesive deformation modulus/（kN·m^?n?1）	4.127
摩擦变形模量Frictional deformation modulus/（kN·m^?n?2）	0.433
内聚力Cohesion/Pa	0.069

部件 Component	密度Density/ （kg·cm^–3）	弹性模量 Elastic modulus/MPa	泊松比 Poisson’s ratio	失效准则 Failure criterion
刀具（合金钢）Blade (alloy steel)	7.85	2.05e5	0.288	/
土壤Soil	0.0027	60	0.27	剪切失效 1.0 Shear failure 1.0

水平 Level	因素Factors
水平 Level	频率 Frequency/Hz	振幅 Amplitude/mm	切削速度 Cutting speed/(rad·s^?1)
1	10	3	0.15
2	20	5	0.3
3	30	7	0.45

编号 Test number	频率 Frequency/ Hz	振幅 Amplitude/ mm	切削速度 Cutting speed/(rad·s^?1)	切削阻力 Cutting resistance/kN
1	10	3	0.15	46.27
2	10	5	0.3	24.45
3	10	7	0.45	26.08
4	20	3	0.3	39.30
5	20	5	0.45	21.47
6	20	7	0.15	19.52
7	30	3	0.45	30.70
8	30	5	0.15	18.02
9	30	7	0.3	16.23
Ⅰ	96.8	116.27	83.81	—
Ⅱ	80.29	63.94	79.98	—
Ⅲ	64.95	61.83	78.25	—
R	31.85	54.44	5.56	—

项目 Item	SS	df	MS	F	P
频率Frequency(d₁)/Hz	169.146	2	84.573	9.338	0.097
振幅Amplitude(d₂)/mm	634.066	2	317.033	35.004	0.028
切削速度Cuttingspeed (d₃)/(rad·s^?1)	5.397	2	2.699	0.298	0.770

Optimization and Testing of Key Device Parameters for Self-Propelled Tree Transplanting Machine in Southern Hilly and Mountainous Areas

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试验序号 Test number	高度 Height （c）/mm	宽度 Width （b）/mm	侧板厚度 Side plate thickness （m）/mm	盖板厚度 Cover plate thickness (n）/mm	最大等效应力试验值 Maximum equivalent stress test value(δ)/MPa
1	108	120	16	10	137.07
2	108	140	18	12	126.37
3	108	160	20	14	131.76
4	128	120	18	14	140.03
5	128	140	20	10	135.41
6	128	160	16	12	154.62
7	148	120	20	12	124.52
8	148	140	16	14	221.19
9	148	160	18	10	161.05

水平 Test number	高度 Height (c)/mm	宽度 Width (b)/mm	侧板厚度 Side plate thickness(m)/mm	盖板厚度 Cover plate thickness(n)/mm
1	108	120	16	10
2	138	150	18	12
3	168	180	20	14
I	395.2	401.62	512.88	433.53
II	430.06	482.97	427.45	405.51
III	506.76	447.43	391.69	492.98
R	111.56	81.35	121.19	87.47

指标 Indicator	轨距Track width	10°	15°	20°	25°	30°	35°
结果 Results	1151 mm	通过Through	通过Through	通过Through	剧烈侧滑Severe sideslip	剧烈侧滑Severe sideslip	—
	1224 mm	通过Through	通过Through	通过Through	发生侧滑Sideslip occurs	剧烈侧滑Severe sideslip	—
	1378 mm	通过Through	通过Through	通过Through	发生侧滑Sideslip occurs	发生侧滑Sideslip occurs	发生侧滑Sideslip occurs

编号 Test number	胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm	起挖土球直径 Initial excavation root ball diameter/cm	平均土球直径 Average root ball diameter/ cm	起挖时间 Excavation time/min	作业效率 Work efficiency/ （tree·d^?1）
1	7.32	66	69.7	1.07	179
2	12.41	69.5		1.60	119
3	15.28	73.6		2.61	73

编号 Test number	苗木土球直径 Tree root ball diameter/cm	苗木土球质量 Tree root ball weight/kg	土球破损率 Root ball damage rate(%)	运输时间 Transport time/s
1	66	105.6	0.94	106.38
2			1.21	105.47
3			1.46	100.32
4	69.5	126.3	1.32	103.20
5			1.43	97.32
6			0.79	104.25
7	73.6	159.4	1.81	112.23
8			1.11	107.83
9			1.03	100.69

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