Abstract: Aigeiros has been regarded as a larger section of Paplar genus.Hybridized among species within Aigeiros section, the appearance and plantation of Populus×eurarnericana in a large scale have been promoting the yield increase of Poplar trees in the world. It is believed that the sufficient gene resources and proper way of breeding are the necessity to bring about a fine clone of Populus × euramericana. Based on the advanced experience of some developed countries, Italy in particular, and in light of the actual condition in our country, This paper introduced some poplar gene resources; the appearance and application of hybridization among speeies; the present main trend in the breeding of Populus × euramericana. In addition, we have evaluated the systematic process and methods of poplar genetic improvement.