Abstract: This paper deals with the correlation analysis in the light of the principle of mathematical statistics for the economic index of logging railway and truck transportation of logs in Heilongjian Forest Region. The experienced formula for unit costs which varied with annual hauling volume and average haul distance is constructed.The logging railway and truck transportation have their own appropreate ranges as far as the unitcosts are concerned. Accordingly, they should be considered separately in view of economic advantages in the future development of log transportation system. For the best economic advantages it is necessary to evaluate the feasibility of changing the logging railway into truck system as well as their joint transportation.