Abstract: Olive anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was prevalent in the South of Qin-ling in Shanxi. When the disease was serious, it caused 30.4—40.3% decrease in the yield of oil of olive fruits. The pathogen mainly attacks the Olive at asexual stage. The pathogenic fungi are made of 2 types:the mycelial type producing abundant mycelium and few conidia; and the conindial type producing many conidia with seta and very few mycelium. The incubation period is to be 2—7 days. The difference in disease resistance of varieties was notable. It seemed that the structure of the epidermal cells of Olive fruits was relative to the disease resistance. When the disease was prevailing, the control using 800 times 50%Tuzet or 1% Bordeaux mixture resulted in satisfaction.