中亚热带不同演替阶段森林土壤水分时空异质性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220717

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Explore the heterogeneity characteristics of soil volumetric water content and spatial in different successional forest communities in typical mid-subtropical regions, including time (annual, wet and dry season) and spatial ( soil layer), and analyze the main factors causing the heterogeneity of soil volumetric water content in different soil layers during the succession process of forest communities, so as to provide data support for regional forest water resources management and forest ecosystem service function assessment. Method: The typical forests in Mopan Mountain, Yuxi, Yunnan, including the Pinus yunnanensis Franch forest (PF) in the pioneer stage of succession, P. yunnanensis broadleaf mixed forest (PBMF) in the mid-succession stage and the evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF) as climax community, the were selected by using time-domain reflectometry and classical statistical menthods. From May 2021 to April 2022, the soil volumetric moisture content for each 10 cm soil layer within 0?60 cm of the sample plot was measured to explore the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and influencing factors of forest soil moisture. Result: 1) In the mid-subtropical region with distinct climatic dry and wet and frequent droughts, the water storage of forest soil showed moderate variation in time and was consistent with the trend of precipitation. With the succession, the mean annual soil volumetric water storage was the highest in EBF, followed by PBMF, and the lowest in PF. The soil water storage of EBF and PBMF increased by an average of 31.24% and 15.22% respectively compared to PF throughout the year. 2) The soil volumetric water content of forests in three succession stages increases with the thickening of soil layers. The average soil volumetric water content in the 0?10 cm soil layer is 45.22% lower than that in the 50?60 cm soil layer. The coefficient of variation of soil volumetric water content is significantly negatively correlated with soil volumetric water content (P<0.05). 3) The soil volumetric water content is significantly negatively correlated with forest density, tree height, and soil sand content (P<0.01), there is a highly significant positive correlation with leaf area index, canopy density, soil porosity, clay content, silt content, organic matter content, and organic carbon content (P<0.01). The correlation between soil volumetric water content and leaf area index, soil porosity, silt content, organic matter content, and organic carbon content is the closest. Conclusion: The mean coefficients of variation of soil volumetric water content in the year, dry and wet seasons and 0?60 cm soil layers of forests at different succession stages in Yuxi Mopan Mountain, Yunnan Province were 19.86%, 17.31%, 14.06%, and 20.58%, respectively, showing moderate heterogeneity, and the water storage capacity of forest soil increased with succession, showing moderate heterogeneity, and the water storage capacity of forest soil increased with succession. Leaf area index, soil porosity, grit content, organic matter content, and origin carbon content were the dominant factors that contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of soil volumetric moisture content in different soil layers.

Key words: soil volumetric water content, forest succession, spatio-temporal heterogeneity, Mopan Mountain, the middle subtropics

CLC Number:

S715

Xiaoyun Tu,Yangyi Zhao,Keqin Wang,Tiantian Ouyang,Zhicheng Li,Xianyue He. Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture in Forests at Different Successional Stages in the Middle Subtropics of China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(6): 13-24.

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样地 Plot	立地条件Land conditions					林分特征 Stand characteristics
样地 Plot	土壤类型 Soil type	土壤有机质含量Soil organic matter content / （g?kg^?1）	海拔 Altitude /m	坡度 Slope /（°）	坡向 Aspect	起源 Origin	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	郁闭度 Canopy density	密度 Density/hm^?2
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest	棕黄壤 Brown yellow soil	69.83	2 258.8~2 497.2	13~26	西南 Southwest	天然林 Natural forest	3.93	0.92	2 175
云南松阔叶混交林 P. yunnanensis broadleaf mixed forest	棕黄壤 Brown yellow soil	47.93	2 157.2~2 292.1	11~15	西南 Southwest	天然林 Natural forest	3.44	0.81	2 308
云南松林 P. yunnanensis forest	棕黄壤 Brown yellow soil	27.45	2 158.0~2 236.6	13~18	西北 Northwest	天然林 Natural forest	2.99	0.74	2 312

林分 Forest	土层深度 Soil depth/ cm	土壤密度 Soil density/ ( g?cm^?3 )	毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity (%)	非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary porosity (%)	pH	黏粒含量 Clay content (%)	粉粒含量 Silt content (%)	砂粒含量 Grit content (%)
云南松林 P. yunnanensis forest	0~10	1.6	10.0	51.3	4.0	8.1	32.5	59.3
	10~20	1.5	10.4	51.2	3.9	7.0	32.4	60.6
	20~30	1.6	9.1	47.5	4.0	4.9	27.1	68.1
	30~40	1.7	8.0	44.0	4.1	4.7	23.6	71.7
	40~50	1.7	8.0	43.9	4.1	6.0	28.6	65.5
	50~60	1.7	8.0	40.2	4.1	5.5	26.8	67.6
云南松阔叶混交林 P.yunnanensis broadleaf mixed forest	0~10	1.3	15.5	53.1	4.3	5.0	26.6	68.4
	10~20	1.4	15.9	51.1	4.4	6.8	32.9	60.3
	20~30	1.4	12.7	48.6	4.5	9.3	39.5	51.2
	30~40	1.6	12.1	49.0	4.5	10.3	39.8	49.9
	40~50	1.7	11.5	48.3	4.6	14.4	44.0	41.6
	50~60	1.7	10.3	47.3	4.5	16.2	43.2	40.6
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest	0~10	1.1	16.8	67.0	3.9	6.1	28.8	65.1
	10~20	1.2	13.3	58.8	4.2	8.1	34.4	57.5
	20~30	1.2	13.2	60.9	4.4	12.5	42.7	44.8
	30~40	1.2	11.9	56.8	4.6	10.3	35.7	54.0
	40~50	1.2	12.0	52.4	4.5	26.0	49.1	24.9
	50~60	1.3	12.0	51.8	4.4	23.2	50.3	26.4

林分 Forest	土层 Soil layer/cm	最小值 Minimum value (%)	最大值 Maximum value (%)	平均值 Mean value (%)	方差 Standard variance (%)	偏度 Partial degrees
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest	0?10	13.21	26.91	18.02	19.68	0.70
	10?20	15.80	30.54	21.78	21.65	0.48
	20?30	18.58	32.01	24.42	16.12	0.49
	30?40	20.92	34.50	25.84	17.59	0.86
	40?50	24.63	39.00	30.15	17.87	0.79
	50?60	29.56	43.54	35.59	19.29	0.25
	0?60			27.21
云南松阔叶混交林 P. yunnanensis broadleaf mixed forest	0?10	8.81	20.94	12.97	11.32	1.14
	10?20	9.50	22.06	14.56	12.75	0.99
	20?30	14.00	24.87	18.44	15.83	0.66
	30?40	19.02	34.27	25.52	20.01	0.48
	40?50	21.01	39.21	30.59	30.93	?0.27
	50?60	24.54	41.81	34.55	23.28	?0.55
	0?60			25.62
云南松林 P. yunnanensis forest	0?10	10.31	25.77	19.15	23.47	?0.28
	10?20	9.61	22.02	17.25	15.05	?0.73
	20?30	9.72	22.59	17.34	13.59	?0.49
	30?40	10.30	26.32	18.32	18.23	0.02
	40?50	15.15	28.69	21.74	14.85	?0.13
	50?60	16.91	30.21	24.89	20.64	?0.68
	0?60			20.16

演替群落 Successional community	土层 Soil layer/ cm	年尺度 Year scale		湿季Wet season		干季Dry season
演替群落 Successional community	土层 Soil layer/ cm	均方差 Mean square error (%)	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	均方差 Mean square error (%)	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	均方差 Mean square error (%)	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broadleaf forest	0~10	4.44	24.62	3.51	16.37	1.80	12.29
	10~20	4.65	21.36	3.48	13.81	2.68	14.61
	20~30	4.01	16.44	3.01	10.99	2.21	10.31
	30~40	4.19	16.23	3.61	12.49	1.99	8.70
	40~50	4.23	14.02	3.60	10.86	2.28	8.40
	50~60	4.39	12.34	2.91	7.46	2.59	8.05
云南松阔叶混交林 P. yunnanensis broadleaf mixed forest	0~10	3.36	25.93	3.41	22.78	1.90	17.30
	10~20	3.57	24.51	3.84	23.13	1.86	14.85
	20~30	3.98	21.57	4.18	20.24	2.37	14.62
	30~40	4.47	17.53	3.64	12.72	2.69	12.01
	40~50	5.56	18.18	3.59	10.42	4.49	16.79
	50~60	4.83	13.97	2.94	7.80	4.34	13.81
云南松林 P. yunnanensis forest	0~10	4.84	25.30	3.33	14.97	4.19	26.12
	10~20	3.88	22.49	2.22	11.35	3.88	26.01
	20~30	3.69	21.26	2.32	11.70	3.07	20.70
	30~40	4.27	23.31	3.48	16.61	3.34	21.33
	40~50	3.85	17.73	3.33	14.26	3.91	19.45
	50~60	4.54	18.25	3.08	11.15	4.31	19.42

观测指标Observation index	土壤体积含水量 Soil volumetric water content
观测指标Observation index	0~60 cm	0~30 cm	30~60 cm
根系密度Root density	0.13	0.53**	0.02
叶面积指数Leaf area index	0.81**	0.65**	0.78**
林分密度Stand density	?0.49**	?0.50**	?0.39*
郁闭度Canopy density	0.54**	0.37*	0.58**
树高Tree height	?0.55**	?0.35*	?0.60**
胸径Diameter at breast height	?0.54**	?0.28	?0.65**
土壤密度Soil density	?0.54**	?0.29	?0.45**
黏粒含量Clay content	0.55**	?0.13	?0.59**
粉粒含量Silt content	0.52**	?0.32	?0.45**
砂粒含量Grit content	?0.53**	0.26	0.52**
非毛管孔隙度Non-capillary porosity	0.48**	0.02	0.70**
毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity	0.53**	0.48**	0.62**
总孔隙度Total porosity	0.55**	0.39*	0.66**
土壤有机碳含量Soil organic carbon content	0.55**	0.32	0.61**
土壤有机质含量Soil organic matter content	0.55**	0.32	0.61**

Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture in Forests at Different Successional Stages in the Middle Subtropics of China

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评价项 Evaluation items	土壤体积含水量Soil volumetric water content
	0~60 cm		0~30 cm		30~60 cm
	关联度Relevancy	排名Ranking	关联度Relevancy	排名Ranking	关联度Relevancy	排名Ranking
根系密度Root density	0.63	8	0.75	2	0.52	15
叶面积指数Leaf area index	1.00	1	0.68	5	0.85	4
林分密度Stand density	0.64	7	0.62	7	0.72	6
郁闭度Canopy density	0.89	3	0.69	4	0.84	5
树高Tree height	0.53	14	0.46	15	0.61	11
胸径Diameter at breast height	0.61	9	0.55	9	0.66	9
土壤密度Soil density	0.53	13	0.52	12	0.67	8
黏粒含量Clay content	0.57	10	0.53	11	0.53	14
粉粒含量Silt content	0.81	5	0.57	8	0.64	10
砂粒含量Grit content	0.51	15	0.67	6	0.69	7
毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity	0.88	4	0.55	10	0.86	3
非毛管孔隙度Non-capillary porosity	0.72	6	0.78	1	0.94	1
总孔隙度Total porosity	0.95	2	0.71	3	0.88	2
土壤有机质含量Soil organic matter content	0.56	11	0.46	13	0.58	12
土壤有机碳含量Soil organic carbon content	0.56	12	0.46	14	0.58	13

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