晋西黄土区典型人工林树种和林分密度对土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260079

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The objective of this study is to reveal the characteristics of soil respiration rate (R_S) and soil respiration temperature sensitivity index (Q₁₀) under different tree species and stand density conditions in plantations in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province, and identify the key driving factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for plantation management and parameter optimization of carbon cycle models in this region. Method: Five stand density gradients were selected in pure Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis plantations. The densities were 900, 1 200, 1 500, 1 800, and 2 400 trees·hm^–2 for R. pseudoacacia, and 900, 1 200, 1 800, 2 400, and 2 800 trees·hm^–2 for P. tabuliformis. A LI-8100 soil carbon flux monitoring system was used to continuously measure R_S during the growing season (from May to October, 2024). Soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial characteristics, as well as litter standing crop, litter carbon content, fine root biomass density, and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of fine roots simultaneously determined. Q₁₀ was estimated using an exponential model, and the main driving mechanisms underlying the variation in R_S and Q₁₀ were further elucidated. Result: 1) After controlling for soil temperature, soil water content, and month, tree species significantly affected R_S. The R_S in the P. tabuliformis plantations [(3.47±0.17) μmol·m^–2s^–1 ] was significantly higher than that in the R. pseudoacacia plantations [(3.02±0.09) μmol·m^–2s^–1]. The Q₁₀ of P. tabuliformis plantations (3.23±0.26) was also numerically higher than that of R. pseudoacacia plantations (2.50±0.13). 2) As the forest density increased, R_S in the two plantations increased, but there were no significant differences in R_S among different density treatments within each species. The response of Q₁₀ to stand density differed between the two species. There was no significant difference in Q₁₀ among different density treatments in R. pseudoacacia plantations, while in P. tabuliformis plantations, Q₁₀ values at the density of 2 800 trees·hm^?2 was significantly higher than that at 1 200 trees·hm^?2 (P<0.05). 3) Correlation analysis indicated that soil clay content and litter standing crop were key drivers for variation in R_S, and plant litter traits, fine root traits, and soil microbial properties played central roles in fluctuations in Q₁₀ values. Conclusion: Soil respiration and soil respiration temperature sensitivity index in plantations are jointly regulated by tree species and stand density. Specifically, the characteristics of plant litter, fine root, and soil microorganisms are the key factors driving the temperature response of soil carbon release. Tree species influence soil respiration primarily through differences in the quantity and quality of litter input. P. tabuliformis plantation has larger litter standing crop and higher carbon content, providing more abundant substrates for microbial respiration, resulting in overall higher R_S and Q₁₀ values than R. pseudoacacia plantations. The effect of stand density on soil respiration ias species-dependent: Q₁₀ values remains stable across density classes in R. pseudoacacia plantation, while the high-density P. tabuliformis stands have sufficient substrates, and the microbial metabolism is more sensitive to temperature, jointly driving a significant increase in Q₁₀ values. This study deepens understanding of changes in soil carbon flux and the mechanisms underlying its temperature response in plantations, and provides a theoretical basis for density regulation and structural optimization of plantations.

Key words: soil respiration, temperature sensitivity, plantation tree species, stand density

CLC Number:

S750

Hong Luo,Hang Xu,Xiaohua Zhang,Zhiqiang Zhang. Effects of Tree Species and Stand Density on Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Typical Plantations on the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(9): 28-41.

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树种 Tree species	密度Density/ （trees·hm^?2）	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Altitude/m	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height/cm
刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	900	110°44′31″	36°16′32″	1 150	12.83±1.10	19.87±2.58
	1 200	110°44′56″	36°16′42″	1 110	11.07±0.32	18.03±0.31
	1 500	110°44′31″	36°16′30″	1 205	12.40±0.35	17.54±1.46
	1 800	110°45′46″	36°16′21″	1 027	12.23±0.12	17.15±0.59
	2 400	110°46′15″	36°16′16″	998	8.43±0.12	15.00±0.72

油松 P. tabuliformis	900	110°46′16″	36°16′16″	1 105	6.37±0.06	16.13±0.72
	1 200	110°45′31″	36°16′25″	1 121	6.20±0.10	14.67±0.58
	1 800	110°45′27″	36°02′33″	1 324	11.56±0.01	15.83±1.19
	2 400	110°45′24″	36°02′30″	1 333	9.73±0.50	12.47±3.33
	2 800	110°45′29″	36°02′34″	1 276	12.20±0.95	6.97±0.15

环境因子 Environmental factor	统计指标 Statistical indicator	线性模型Linear model		非线性模型Nonlinear model
环境因子 Environmental factor	统计指标 Statistical indicator	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	油松 P. tabuliformis	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	油松 P. tabuliformis
土壤温度 Soil temperature	拟合模型 Fitted model	${R}_{\text{S}}=0.27T-1.88 $	$ {R}_{\text{S}}=0.32T-2.77 $	${R}_{\text{S}}=0.25{\text{e}}^{0.13T} $	$ {R}_{\text{S}}=0.18{\text{e}}^{0.17T} $
	R²	0.29	0.28	0.37	0.38
	P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	AIC	336	390	323	375
土壤质量含水量 Soil gravimetric water content	拟合模型 Fitted model	${R}_{\text{S}}=3.44W+2.41 $	$ {R}_{\text{S}}=12.02W+1.28 $	$ {R}_{\text{S}}=47.68{W}^{2}-16.57W+3.83 $	${R}_{\text{S}}=-3.73{W}^{2}+13.45W+1.17 $
	R²	0.05	0.17	0.20	0.17
	P	<0.05	<0.001	<0.05	<0.001
	AIC	362	403	349	405
双因子 Two-factors	拟合模型 Fitted model	${R}_{\text{S}}=0.30T+5.01W-3.27 $	${R}_{\text{S}}=0.38T+12.18W-5.04 $	${R}_{\text{S}}=0.33{\text{e}}^{0.13T}{W}^{(0.13)} $	${R}_{\text{S}}=0.56{\text{e}}^{0.15T}{W}^{(0.46)} $
	R²	0.39	0.46	0.41	0.51
	P	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05
	AIC	325	367	320	357

项Item	df	估计值（标准误） Estimate (SE)	t 统计量 t-statistic	P值 P-value	III型方差分析P值 P-value (Type III)
土壤温度Soil temperature	176.90	0.08(0.02)	4.39	<0.001	<0.001
土壤质量含水量Soil gravimetric water content	176.01	$ - $0.63(0.36)	$ - $1.74	0.08	0.08
月份Month	157.26	—	—	—	<0.001
树种Tree species	49.77	0.28(0.11)	2.56	0.02	0.01
密度Density	29.10	—	—	—	0.06
树种×密度 Tree species × density	29.63	—	—	—	0.35

树种 Tree species	密度Density/ (tree·hm^–2)	凋落物现存量 Litter standing crop/(t·hm^–2)	凋落物碳含量 Litter carbon content/(g·kg^–1)	细根生物量密度 Fine root biomass density/(kg·m^–3)	细根碳含量 Fine root carbon content/(g·kg^–1)	细根氮含量 Fine root nitrogen content/(g·kg^–1)	细根碳氮比 Fine root carbon- to-nitrogen ratio	细根磷含量 Fine root phosphorus content/(g·kg^–1)
刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	900	8.60±2.80b	351.10±8.51a	0.94±0.27a	286.10±7.70b	10.95±0.23e	26.15±0.86a	1.45±0.03b
	1 200	14.11±0.86ab	361.50±8.09a	1.12±0.26a	293.60±28.05b	12.06±0.12d	24.36±2.14a	1.36±0.06bc
	1 500	14.18±3.55ab	344.70±4.82a	0.92±0.08a	318.40±4.50ab	16.76±0.10a	18.99±0.21b	1.41±0.09bc
	1 800	12.56±1.29ab	380.30±11.10a	0.84±0.14a	366.00±10.10a	15.63±0.03b	23.42±0.75ab	1.63±0.01a
	2 400	16.97±4.30a	339.90±17.30a	0.84±0.25a	340.30±10.22ab	12.95±0.07c	26.28±0.74a	1.31±0.03c

油松 P. tabuliformis	900	16.72±0.58b	409.20±12.08a	1.59±0.28a	319.90±11.68a	3.14±0.01d	101.88±3.80b	1.12±0.01c
	1 200	17.89±1.20b	418.30±9.87a	1.64±0.33a	333.40±14.31a	2.59±0.03e	128.93±5.39a	1.06±0.01d
	1 800	21.80±1.90ab	416.30±7.44a	1.57±0.15a	316.50±7.20a	7.02±0.06c	45.08±0.68c	1.26±0.02a
	2 400	27.85±1.89a	393.80±9.13a	1.13±0.29a	307.70±7.85a	7.39±0.05b	41.64±1.23cd	1.15±0.03c
	2 800	25.36±4.51a	403.40±4.96a	1.67±0.05a	294.40±9.35a	9.63±0.08a	30.58±1.18d	1.21±0.00b

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Effects of Tree Species and Stand Density on Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Typical Plantations on the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province

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