烟管菌降解木质素的条件优化及其对竹材的降解特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250745

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 优化烟管菌降解木质素的最佳条件，探究其对竹材的降解效果，为解决竹材废弃物难降解问题并提高其资源化利用水平提供参考。方法: 通过测定木质素氧化酶活性评估烟管菌降解木质素的能力，依次利用单因素预试验、Plackett-Burman关键因素筛选试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验优化烟管菌降解木质素的最佳条件，探究烟管菌在液体培养基中对竹木质纤维素的降解效果。结果: 烟管菌主要分泌漆酶和高活性锰过氧化物酶，二者的酶活性均在第6天达到峰值，分别为69.13和329.02 U·mL^?1。单因素和Plackett-Burman试验证明，C/N、初始pH和Mn²⁺浓度是影响烟管菌降解木质素的关键因素，响应面试验明确烟管菌降解木质素的最优条件为C/N 7.80、初始pH 6.10、Mn²⁺浓度20.10 μmol·L^?1。在此条件下，第9天烟管菌对木质素的降解率为45.52%，较优化前提升36.61%。此外，经烟管菌处理后，竹材的化学结构和表面形态被显著破坏，变得粗糙且疏松，并有大量孔洞结构生成。结论: 烟管菌主要分泌漆酶和高活性的锰过氧化物酶降解竹木质纤维素，在C/N 7.80、初始pH 6.10、Mn²⁺浓度20.10 μmol·L^?1条件下对竹材表现出良好的降解效果，在竹材废弃物生物预处理领域具有广阔应用前景。

关键词: 真菌, 烟管菌, 木质素降解, 酶活性, 降解条件优化, 竹材

Abstract:

Objective: This research aims to optimise the cultivation conditions for lignin degradation by Bjerkandera adusta, and explore its degradation effects on bamboo, so as to provide a scientific basis for overcoming the recalcitrance of bamboo waste and enhancing its valorisation. Method: The lignin-degrading capacity of B. adusta was assessed by measuring the activities of ligninolytic enzymes. Single-factor experiments, Plackett-Burman design for the screening of significant variables, and Box-Behnken response surface method were employed to optimise the culture conditions for lignin degradation. In addition, a liquid-state fermentation system was established to evaluate the degradation effects of B. adusta on bamboo. Result: B. adusta mainly secreted laccase and highly active manganese peroxidase (MnP). The activities of laccase and MnP reached their maxima after 6 days of cultivation, attaining 69.13 and 329.02 U·mL^?1, respectively. Single-factor experiments and Plackett-Burman analysis identified the C/N ratio, initial pH value, and Mn²⁺ concentration as the key factors affecting lignin degradation by B. adusta. Response surface analysis revealed that the optimal cultivation conditions were a C/N ratio of 7.80, an initial pH value of 6.10, and an Mn²⁺ concentration of 20.10 μmol·L^?1. Under these conditions, the lignin degradation rate reached 45.52% after 9 days of cultivation, representing an increase of 36.61% compared with that obtained prior to optimisation. Furthermore, bamboo treated with B. adusta exhibited pronounced changes in chemical structure and surface morphology, with increased surface roughness and loosening of the surface structure, accompanied by the formation of numerous cavities. Conclusion: B. adusta is capable of secreting laccase and highly active MnP, which together confer strong lignin-degrading capacity under optimal cultivation conditions. Under the conditions of C/N 7.80, initial pH 6.10, and Mn²⁺ concentration of 20.10 μmol·L^?1, the fungus exhibits a significant degradation effect on bamboo and shows considerable potential application in biological pretreatment and valorisation of bamboo waste.

Key words: fungi, Bjerkandera adusta, lignin degradation, enzyme activity, optimization of degradation conditions, bamboo

中图分类号:

S718.81

宗志洁,李志强,赵佳玥. 烟管菌降解木质素的条件优化及其对竹材的降解特性[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(9): 198-208.

Zhijie Zong,Zhiqiang Li,Jiayue Zhao. Optimization of Conditions for Lignin Degradation by Bjerkandera adusta and the Degradation Characteristics on Bamboo[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(9): 198-208.

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序号 No.	因素水平 Factor levels					木质素降解率 Lignin degradation (%)
序号 No.	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	木质素降解率 Lignin degradation (%)
1	?1	1	?1	1	1	34.36
2	?1	?1	?1	?1	?1	32.59
3	?1	1	1	1	1	32.40
4	1	?1	?1	?1	1	38.72
5	1	1	?1	1	?1	38.71
6	?1	?1	?1	1	?1	33.64
7	1	1	1	?1	?1	36.67
8	1	1	?1	?1	1	41.76
9	?1	1	1	?1	?1	33.40
10	1	?1	1	1	1	35.80
11	1	?1	1	1	?1	35.58
12	?1	?1	1	?1	1	30.72
P	0.000 1	0.023 1	0.004 1	0.357 7	0.385 0	—
R²	0.948 5	—	—	—	—	—

序号 No.	因素水平 Factor levels			木质素降解率 Lignin degradation (%)	方差来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	df	均方差 Mean square	F	P
序号 No.	A	B	C	木质素降解率 Lignin degradation (%)	方差来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	df	均方差 Mean square	F	P
1	?1	?1	0	40.49	A	2.06	1	2.06	10.29	0.014 9
2	1	?1	0	40.22	B	1.16	1	1.26	5.77	0.047 4
3	?1	1	0	39.65	C	3.38	1	3.38	16.87	0.004 5
4	1	1	0	42.44	AB	2.34	1	2.34	11.69	0.011 2
5	?1	0	?1	39.78	AC	1.42	1	1.42	7.07	0.032 5
6	1	0	?1	41.74	BC	0.504 1	1	0.504 1	2.52	0.156 7
7	?1	0	1	42.03	A²	40.57	1	40.57	202.50	<0.000 1
8	1	0	1	41.61	B²	18.46	1	18.46	92.16	<0.000 1
9	0	?1	?1	40.76	C²	9.52	1	9.52	47.54	0.000 2
10	0	1	?1	42.30	模型 Model	86.55	9	9.62	48.00	<0.000 1
11	0	?1	1	43.01	误差 Residual	1.40	7	0.200 3	—	—
12	0	1	1	43.13	失拟项 Lack of fit	0.245 1	3	0.081 7	0.282 3	0.836 5
13	0	0	0	45.92	纯误差 Pure error	1.16	4	0.289 3	—	—
14	0	0	0	46.36	总和 Total	87.95	16	—	—	—
15	0	0	0	45.50	R²	0.984 1	—	—	—	—
16	0	0	0	45.23	R²_adj	0.963 6	—	—	—	—
17	0	0	0	46.48	R²_pred	0.934 9	—	—	—	—

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