We probe into population matrix model and suggest a better method for direct estimating parameters by the multiple demensional time series first order autoregression model for a population grouped in unequal stages.The parameters of model can be estimated from the original data by this method．In a sense， we eonsider this is the best estimation. The root mean total squared error of thc calculated results of the data obtained from the pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus punetatus Walker) is less than other methods．And furthermore this method is suitsble for parameters estimation of many other ecological models．

A bioassay for detcrmining the virulence activity of the nuclear polyhedrosis of Apocheima cinerarius is described．Early third—instar larvae were fed on eln leaves contaminated with polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of the virus．The LC₅₀ and 95％ fiducial limits were 8360 and 4760-14700 plBs/ml．The LT₅₀ values for the virus concentration of 2.9×10⁶，2.9 X 10⁵，2.9×10⁴pIBs/ml were 6.17，7.51 and 10.13 days，respectively．A study on larval susceptibility to a concentration of 1.1 X 10⁶ PIBs/ml of virus suspension indicated that the LT₅₀ values increased with the increase of instar(from 7.99 days for early second-instar larvae to 11.18 days for early fourth-instar larvae)．Mortality decreased with the increasing instar(100％ for early second-instar larvae to 79.7％ for early fourth-instar larvae)．Temperature had no influence upon the total mortality but it did affect the death rate．However，a high temperature of [35℃ would eventually inhibit viral development．

Experiments conductcd on small plots and large blocks showed that sevcral poplat looper NPV formulations were effective against the larvae when they were used in the fields． Results indicated that once the virus was introduced in to the forest，epizootic frequently occurred in the larval population and resulted in significant reduction in the host density．A virus dose range of 1.31—2.00×10¹⁰PIBs/mu(1.97—3.00×10¹⁰PIBs/ha)was effective to control the poplar looper in elm forest．The highest dose used for effecrive spray did not exceed at 4.06 10¹⁰PIBs/mu(6.09×10¹⁰PIBs/ha)．The time suitable for control WaS when 85％ of the larval population consisted of the second-and third-instars．All virus treat ments were sarisfactory in comparison with a chemical(80％ DDVP)and a bacterial insecticide(HD—1)in the control of the poplar looper in elm forests．

The masson’s pine caterpillar(Dendrolimus punctatus Wallser)is an important pest of Pinus massoniana，P．Elliottii，P．Caribaea var．hondurensis and P．Earibaea．All these pines．Except P．Massoniana are exotic pine S．The seriousness of the damage to the trees caused by the pest varied with the species of pine under the same condition．In order to find out the reasons of its differencv，in recent years,We have carried out the study on the life table of different tree’s pest，together with an extensive sampling，observation and analysis.The results of the study showed that the resistance of the three exotic pines to the pest is stronger than that of P.massoniana.

In 1976 to 1978 a series of studies on short-term forecast of the occurring period of Gravitarmata margarotana Hein．Were carried out in Jiansnanpo of Fushun county，Sichuan．The results obtained are shown as in the following：1.When the egg colour changes from orange-red into black，it is apparent that the egg will soon be hatching．2．According to observation，the threshold for development and the effective thermal summations of the eggs are 8.3℃ and 85.9 day degreeres Dectively．The “effective thermal sums”equation and the meteorological report was used to estimate the occurring period of larvae.3．When the female Sex-ratio is changed from 0.3 to 1，the emergence of moths reached their highest peak，which may be observed in the laboratory or with the aid of investigation in the field．4．The occurring period of the larvae and adults with the phenological relationship of the common China fir，peach，apricot and tung-oil tree were also observed．

Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)is famous for its predation on pine bast scale．This paper reports the experiments conducted on rearing and application of this beetle．ResuIts of the experiments showed that the adults fed with diet 4 or 5 had got a higher average of eggs deposited by each female(343.8～520.4) and the nymphs fed with diet 4，5 or 11 had got a bigger size and a higiher sex ratio．If a mixture of 0.5％vitamn C and 0.1％vitamin B are added into diet 11，then this diet will promote the development of the nymph．If Certain amount of sorbic acid or sodium benxoate is added into the diet，the time cinterval for refreshing the diet can be prolonged for sortie more days．Thus．A lot of time can be saved．If diet 5 is used to rear the adults and nymphs for 13 generations consecutix’ely，there is 110 adverse effect to the viability of this beetle．Ttarmonia axyridis(Pallas)vat．spectabilis Faldcrmann and H.axyridis (Pallas)ab．conspicua Faldermann are two of them，that are most suitable for rearing with diets．Glass cups are the best tools for rearing．The effect of mass-releasing of this beetle in pine forest is quite promising．

The cochlid，Latoia lepida(Cramer)，is an important pest of perslmmon，tea，coffee and maily other different kinds of trees．It is widely distributed in China．The larvae are susceptible to a virus．Electronic micrographs revealed that it is of a granulosis virus．The caDsules measure about 200×340 nm．They are oval in outline．The virions measure about 50×300 nm．They are rod-shaped．There is only one virus particle in each capsule．The fat body，the tracheal matrix and the midgut epithelium are the main tissues attacked．The pathogen was found to be highly infectious to the larvae of the cochlid when transmitted perorally．The higher thedose of virus，the greatest is its virulence to the lareae．The younger the larvae，the more susceptible they are to the virus．In nature the granulosis virus often reaches epizootic level in host population．It is an important factor in regulating population of this pest．It is not transmissible to Bombyx mori(L．)，DezMrolimus punotatus Walker and Scopelope,lodes congravta Walker．

In China，in recent years，a kind of parasitic wasp has been used in controlling some long horned beetles infesting China fir or poplar trees．The scientific name of this wasp has not yet been identified．In the last months we were worMng on the naming and classification of some wasps parasitic on long horned beetles，and found the above mentioned wasp to be a new species belonging to the genus Sceleroderma，Bethylidae．The following is its descriptions．Scleroderma guani sp．n．．Female(apterous)：Length 3.5mm．Antennae yellow with the basal 2/3 of scapes yellowish brown．Head brown with eyes black and clypeus and mandibles except for extremes reddish brown．Thorax reddish browll with anterior margin of mesonotum brown．Abdomen brownish black with the last two segments paler．Legs yellowish brown but sides of femora with black stripes and tarsi yellow．First 4 antennal segments in the ratio of about 18：6:3:2，all the segments slightly wider than its Iong except the 1st，2nd and the last segments．Head almost square，WH 0.9×LH；WF 1.7×HE；distance from eye tops to vertex crest about 1.6×HE．Clypeus with a fairly round emargination and a V-shaped median carina．Mandibles with 3 apical teeth distinctly．(figs．1)．Female(Mate)：Length 3.2mm．Body blackish brown．Antennae yellowish brown with the basal 2/3 of stapes brown；clypeus and mandibles except for extremes reddish brown；metanotum with two large yellowish brown markings; legs brown with femora，apical margins of tibiae，and tarsi yellow．Wings hyaline，with a single closed cell; veins yellow．First 4 antennal segments in the ratio of about 5:2:1.5:1；transverse median vein of forewing 1.5×basal vein．Tibiae and tarsi with densely short spines．(figs．2，3，5，7)．Male(alate)：Length 2.1mm．Body brownish black to black with apex of mandibles reddish brown; antennae brown with most scapes blackish brown．The coloration of legs and wings similar to the alate female．Clypeus weakly emarginate，with a strong V-shaped median arina．Mandibles with 4 teeth．Middle tibiae with sparsely short spines peripherally.(figs·4，6). Host:Longhorned beetles，I.e. Semanotus bifaciatus sinoauster and Saperda populnea etc． Distribution:Guangdong Prov．(Guangzhou C.，Shantou C.)，Jiangsu Prov．(Xuzhou Pr.),Henan Proy.，Shaanxi Prov．(Yulin Pr．)，Shanxi ProV.(Taiyuan C．)，Hebei Prov．(Wangdu Co．)，Shandong Prov. Holotype:♀，Guangzhou City of Guangdong Prov.，1982.Ⅶ.10.Zhang Lianqin leg．Allotype：♂，same data as for holotype.Remarks：The apterous female of the new species resembles S.ephippium Saund．In most particulars， but differs from the latter in abdomen brownish black and antennal segment 1 long，about equal to segments 2-7 altogether．The alate female is somewhat similar to S.vigilans West.,but differs in pronoturn brownish black;the length of mesonotum about half as 10ng as the length of pronotum;and metanotum with two large yellowish brown markings．The alate male is allied to S．Nipponica(Yuasa)，but differs in first 5 antennal segments in the ratio of about 3:2:1.3:1.1:1；clypeus and mandibles except for extremes blackish brown; and antennae brown with most of scapes blackish brown．The species is named after Mr．Guan Ning for his kind help and interest in our Work．

In the laboratory the biological constants on the development of bethylid parasitic wasp(Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu)were computed under various constant tempertaures．The threshold for development(℃)of egg，larva and pupa was 12.94，9.07，13.60 respectively，and the thermal constant (daydegrees)was 60.18，169.71，219.00 respectively．The developmental velocities of each stage were increased correspondingly with the temperature under a constant moisture．But the developmental rate of the egg was the quickest．While that of the larva was the second．That of the pupa was the slowest．While under different moisture condition，the initial developmental and effective thermal constant temperature of each stage were different．They were gradually increased correspondingly with the moisture．But under diffarent temperature and saule moisture condition the initial developmental temperature and the effective thermal constant of the egg were the lowest．While those of the pupa were the highest．

This paper reports the variation of the number of eggs deposited by Matsucoccus matsumurae and the fluctuation of nymphal population on three pine species(P．Massonlana Lamb.，P．Luchuensis Mayr and P.thunbergi Parli) in Fuyang County．Zhejiang Province from 1979-1982．The results showed that the number of eggs deposited in the first stage of infection was higher than those of the following stages，the number of eggs deposited decreased progressively as the stages of infection went on．The average number of eggs deposited by the overwintered generation was 1.31—1.71 times that of the first generation on P．Massonlana．While on P．Luchuensis，the ratio of the average number of eggs deposited by the overwintered generation to the first generation was 3.15:1．Among the three pine species，the number of eggs deposited on P．Thunbergii was the highest．The number of eggs deposited was positively proportional to the length of fema]e body．An analysis of the changes in population of nymphs on the three pine species showed that the key factor affecting the decrease in population was climate-the number of rainy days in August was very important．Besides．The excessive weak vigor of pine trees also caused the decrease of scale population．

This paper reports the results of the study on the bionomics and rearing method of Chrysopa kulingensis Navas in 1978-1981．It has two generations a year in Niil County，Zhejiang Province：the first generation occurs from late May to middle November；the second generation from late September to late July of the next Year．There is no winter diapause．The time of occurrence of its second generation is just synchronized with that of the scale．It call build up stable colonies in pille forests and plays an important part in the reduction of population of the scale．Both diet 5 and eggs of rice moth Corcyra cephaloniea(Staint) are suitable material for multiplication．Glass cups served very well as rearing tools

In the present paper．A new species of larch casebarer-Coleophora Sinensis is recorded．This species is distributed in Shansi and Hopei provinces。China，and attacks the larch (Larix prinoipis-ruppreehtii Mayr)．The new species somewhat resembles to Coleophora sibiricella Falkovitsh。But can be distinguished from the latter by the smaller size，by the shape of sacculus and the cucullus of the lnale，and by the length of spinulate portion on ductus bursae of the female．Holotype：♀，Shansi province，13．Ⅵ．1979．Allotypes：♂，Shansi province，13．Ⅵ．1979．Paratypes：7♂♂ 13♀♀，Shansi and Hopel provinces，14．Ⅵ．1981 and 7 Ⅵ．1979．AII type specimens are diposited in North-Eastern College of Forestry．