两种栽培方式对‘洛阳红’牡丹挥发性香气成分释放及其相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250753

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to systematically analyze the emission patterns of volatile aroma components in Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ during different flowering developmental stages and diurnal variations, and investigate the expression levels of scent-related genes, so as to provide theoretical support for improving the ornamental quality and industrial application of P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ as a New Year flower. Method: In this study, potted and field-grown P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ plants were used as materials. Dynamic headspace adsorption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the aroma components at seven different flower developmental stages (color exposure stage, blooming stage, initial flowering stage, half opening stage, full blooming stage, initial decay stage, decay stage), as well as the diurnal variation patterns (from 06:00 to 18:00) at the full blooming stage, respectively. Result: 1） The results showed that 43 volatile components (in potted plants) and 30 volatile components (in field-grown plants) were identified in P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’, including 8 benzenes, 5 alcohols, 1 phenol, 3 aldehydes, 2 terpenes, 6 esters, and 27 hydrocarbons. 2） The total emission of floral aroma exhibited a unimodal pattern of first increasing and then decreasing during the flowering process. The total emission reached the peak at the half-opening stage in potted plants, while it peaked at the full blooming stage in field-grown plants. During different time of periods in a day, the volatile emission of potted plants gradually increased over time, reaching the peak between 15:00 and 18:00. In contrast, that of field-grown plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, peaking between 09:00 and 12:00. 3） The expression patterns of PsTPS and PsPAL genes in the floral scent biosynthesis pathway were detected using qRT-PCR technology. It was found that during different flowering stages, the expression level of PsTPS in potted plants showed a similar trend to that of linalool content, while its expression level in field-grown plants exhibited a similar trend to that of α-farnesene content. The expression level of PsPAL in potted and field-grown plants was consistent with the content variation trends of m-xylene and phenylethyl alcohol, respectively. Additionally, at different time of periods in a day, the expression levels of PsTPS and PsPAL were similar to the content variation trends of α-farnesene and m-xylene, respectively. Conclusion: This study reveals the emission pattern of the floral scent of P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ from two perspectives: volatile aroma components and gene expression, which has significant application value for the development of the forcing-flowering industry of P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’.

Key words: Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’, volatile components, gene expression

CLC Number:

Kexin Sun,Chenjie Zhang,Tongfei Niu,Huili Ma,Zuqi Zhang,Lili Guo,Xiaogai Hou. Effects of Two Cultivation Methods on Volatile Aroma Components Release and Related Genes Expression in Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(7): 140-151.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Types and contents of volatile components in Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ at different flower developmental stages μg·g?1"

分类 Classification	化合物Compounds	盆栽Potted							地栽Field-grown
分类 Classification	化合物Compounds	CE	BS	IF	HO	FB	ID	DE	CE	BS	IF	HO	FB	ID	DE
苯环类 Benzenes	1,3,5-三甲氧基苯 1,3,5-trimethoxy-benzene	—	—	—	—	—	1.721	0.096	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	7-甲基腺嘌呤 6-amino-7-methylpurine	—	—	—	—	—	0.145	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	对苯二甲醚 1,4-dimethoxybenzene	—	0.073	0.202	0.318	2.521	—	—	—	—	0.121	0.261	0.328	—	—
	对二甲苯 m-xylene	0.149	0.145	0.111	0.120	0.116	0.131	0.114	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	间二甲苯 1,3-dimethylbenzene	0.062	0.051	0.110	0.059	0.036	0.072	0.048	—	—	—	0.079	—	—	—
	乙苯ethylbenzene	0.053	0.045	0.067	0.040	0.049	0.060	0.049	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	吲哚Indole	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.270	0.126	—	—	—
	邻二甲苯 o-xylene	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.083
	合计Total	0.264cd	0.314cd	0.491c	0.537c	2.722a	2.130b	0.307cd	—	—	0.392cd	0.467c	0.328cd	—	0.083d
醇类 Alcohols	2-乙基己醇2-ethylhexanol	—	—	0.080	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	橙花醇Nerol	—	—	1.003	2.546	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	苯乙醇Phenethyl alcohol	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.075	0.424	0.138	—
	合计Total	—	—	1.083b	2.546a	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.075c	0.424c	0.138c	—
酚类 Phenols	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol	—	0.709	0.317	0.469	0.205	0.342	0.526	—	—	—	—	0.281	0.093	—
酚类 Phenols	合计Total	—	0.709a	0.317bc	0.469ab	0.205cd	0.342bc	0.526ab	—	—	—	—	0.281bc	0.093cd	—
醛类 Aldehydes	苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	—	—	0.112	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	癸醛Decanal	—	—	0.035	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	壬醛Nonanal	—	0.148	0.220	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.116	—	—
	合计Total	—	0.148b	0.367a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.116b	—	—
萜烯类 Terpenes	α-法呢烯α-farnesene	—	—	—	0.104	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.223	0.191	0.537
	β-罗勒烯β-ocimene	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.072	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	合计Total	—	—	—	0.104cd	—	—	0.072d	—	—	—	—	0.223b	0.191bc	0.537a
酯类 Esters	茉莉酸甲酯 Methyl jasmonate	—	—	—	—	0.484	0.356	0.526	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 Isopropyl myristate	—	0.081	—	0.171	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	顺-7-十四碳乙酸酯（Z）-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate	—	—	0.464	1.167	1.191	0.241	0.171	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	乙酸十八酯 Acetic acid n-octadecyl ester	—	—	0.166	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	正戊酸己酯Hexyl n-valerate	0.067	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	合计Total	0.067c	0.081c	0.630bc	1.338a	1.675a	0.597bc	0.727b	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
烃类 Hydrocarbons	奥苷菊环Azulene	—	—	0.039	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	（E）-5-十四碳烯（E）-5-Tetradecen-1-ol	—	—	—	0.217	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	1-十八烷烯1-Octadecene	—	—	—	0.187	—	0.186	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.055	—
	1-十九碳烯1-Nonadecene	—	—	—	—	—	0.459	0.150	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	2-甲基十六烷 2-Methylhexadecane	—	0.169	0.152	0.366	0.322	—	—	—	—	0.182	-	2.287	—	—
	3-甲基十七烷 3-Methylheptadecane	—	0.219	0.102	0.196	0.160	—	0.113	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	8-十七烷烯8-Heptadecene	—	—	—	0.411	0.479	0.196	0.117	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	癸烷Decane	—	—	0.060	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	角鲨烷Squalane	—	—	0.164	0.319	—	0.184	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	姥鲛烷Pristane	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.199	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	十二烷Dodecane	0.126	0.196	0.202	0.385	0.168	0.082	0.110	0.096	—	0.312	0.132	0.347	—	—
	十六烷Hexadecane	—	1.143	0.804	1.221	0.615	0.632	0.878	0.417	0.858	0.361	0.512	0.277	0.882	0.827
	十七烷Heptadecane	—	0.927	0.849	2.364	3.639	0.783	0.732	0.191	0.529	1.731	0.657	3.055	0.633	0.694
	十三烷Tridecane	0.074	0.232	0.171	0.379	0.339	0.275	0.327	0.075	—	0.424	0.388	1.855	0.091	0.061
	十四烷Tetradecane	0.085	0.350	0.331	0.556	0.419	0.247	0.312	0.264	0.433	0.377	0.483	1.047	0.545	0.535
	十五烷Pentadecane	—	0.853	1.470	3.916	3.223	0.713	0.638	0.292	0.582	1.511	1.337	3.550	1.488	1.320
	十一烷Hendecane	0.090	0.178	0.153	0.592	0.316	0.125	0.062	—	—	0.170	0.216	1.489	0.065	—
	十八烷Octadecane	—	0.530	0.268	0.489	0.213	0.259	0.440	0.199	—	—	0.239	—	—	0.148
	植烷Phytane	—	—	—	0.262	—	—	0.150	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	二十烷Eicosane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.503	0.185	0.128	—	0.202	0.198
	6,9-十七碳二烯 6,9-Heptadecadiene	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.985	—	—	—	—
	2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.230	—	—
	3,3-二甲基己烷 3,3-Dimethylhexane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.129	—	—
	二十一烷Heneicosane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.924	—	—
	合计Total	0.375f	4.797cd	4.766cd	11.861b	9.895b	4.142cd	4.228cd	1.533ef	2.905de	6.238c	4.091cd	16.189a	3.963cd	3.784cd

Table 2

Fig.3

Table 3

Types and contents of volatile components in Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ at different time of periods in a day μg·g?1"

分类 Classification	化合物 Compounds	盆栽Potted				地栽Field-grown
分类 Classification	化合物 Compounds	06:00—09:00	09:00—12:00	12:00—15:00	15:00—18:00	06:00—09:00	09:00—12:00	12:00—15:00	15:00—18:00
苯环类 Benzenes	乙苯Ethylbenzene	0.048	0.049	0.050	—	—	—	—	—
	对二甲苯p-Xylene	0.103	0.116	0.096	0.148	—	—	0.046	—
	间二甲苯m-Xylene	0.044	0.036	—	—	0.067	—	—	0.078
	对苯二甲醚1，4-Dimethoxybenzene	0.612	2.521	0.195	4.096	—	0.328	0.972	1.015
	吲哚Indole	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.154
	合计Total	0.807c	2.722b	0.341d	4.244a	0.067d	0.328d	1.019c	1.247c
醇类 Alcohols	叶醇Cis-3-hexen-1-ol	—	—	0.106	0.176	—	—	—	—
	苯乙醇Phenylethyl alcohol	—	—	0.784	—	—	0.424	0.459	0.153
	2-己基-1-癸醇2-Hexyl-1-decanol	—	—	—	—	0.164	—	—	—
	合计Total	—	—	0.890a	0.176c	0.164c	0.424b	0.459b	0.153c
酚类 Phenols	2，4-二叔丁基苯酚2，4-Di-tert-butylphenol	0.375	0.205	0.265	0.256	0.257	0.281	0.072	—
酚类 Phenols	合计Total	0.375a	0.205b	0.265b	0.256b	0.257b	0.281ab	0.072c	—
醛类 Aldehydes	壬醛Nonanal	—	—	—	—	0.077	0.116	—	0.025
	癸醛Decanal	—	—	—	—	0.085	—	—	0.088
	合计Total	—	—	—	—	0.162a	0.116b	—	0.114b
萜烯类 Terpenes	α-法呢烯α-Farnesene	—	—	0.432	—	—	0.223	0.272	0.220
萜烯类 Terpenes	合计Total	—	—	0.432a	—	—	0.223b	0.272b	0.220b
酯类 Esters	顺-7-十四碳乙酸酯（Z）-7-Tetradecen-1-yl acetate	0.504	1.191	0.991	1.027	—	—	—	—
	茉莉酸甲酯Methyl jasmonate	—	0.484	0.492	0.434	—	—	—	—
	乙酸叶醇酯Cis-3-hexenyl-1-acetate	—	—	0.054	—	—	—	—	—
	合计Total	0.504b	1.675a	1.537a	1.460a	—	—	—	—
烃类 Hydrocarbons	十一烷Hendecane	0.277	0.316	0.378	0.200	0.326	1.489	0.298	1.374
	十二烷Dodecane	0.200	0.168	0.133	0.243	0.203	0.347	0.031	0.434
	十三烷Tridecane	0.268	0.339	0.281	0.252	0.436	1.855	0.072	0.124
	十四烷Tetradecane	0.540	0.419	0.636	0.476	0.381	1.047	0.436	0.275
	十五烷Pentadecane	2.609	3.223	4.857	2.643	2.985	3.550	3.837	3.087
	十六烷Hexadecane	1.181	0.615	0.686	0.999	0.260	0.277	0.732	0.362
	2-甲基十六烷 2-Methylhexadecane	0.231	0.322	—	—	0.254	2.287	—	0.350
	十七烷Heptadecane	1.672	3.639	2.917	3.280	1.968	3.055	1.628	1.428
	角鲨烷Squalane	0.290	—	—	0.213	—	—	—	—
	3-甲基十七烷3-Methylheptadecan	0.146	0.160	0.136	0.244	0.160	—	—	—
	1-十八烷烯1-Octadecene	0.142	—	—	—	0.318	—	—	—
	十八烷Octadecane	0.392	0.213	0.202	0.435	0.378	—	0.153	0.200
	植烷Phytane	0.111	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	1-十九碳烯1-Nonadecene	—	0.322	0.321	0.346	—	—	—	—
	（E）-2-十四烯(2E)-Tetradec-2-ene	—	—	0.128	—	—	—	—	—
	8-十七烷烯8-Heptadecene	—	—	—	0.146	0.294	—	—	0.568
	2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane	—	0.479	—	0.294	0.154	0.230	—	0.209
	3,3-二甲基己烷 3,3-Dimethylhexane	—	—	—	—	—	0.129	—	—
	二十一烷Heneicosane	—	—	—	—	—	1.924	—	—
	1,7-十六烷二烯 1,7-Hexadecadiene	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.450	—
	3-甲基十五烷 3-Methylpentadecane，	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.113
	6,9-十七碳二烯 6,9-Heptadecadiene	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.498
	合计Total	8.059c	10.217bc	10.676b	9.771bc	8.116c	16.189a	7.637c	10.022bc

Table 3

Fig.4

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基因名称Gene name	正向引物序列Forward-primer sequence	反向引物序列Reverse-primer sequence
PsTPS	ATGGCATTGCGTTTTTCTTTG	TGGCTGATCGCCTGTTTGTAG
PsPAL	TGCCTCGCTACTTACCCTTT	GGCTCTCGTATTCGCTTCTA
EF1-α	CCGCCAGAGAGGCTGCTAAT	GCAATGTGGGAAGTGTGGCA

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Effects of Two Cultivation Methods on Volatile Aroma Components Release and Related Genes Expression in Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’

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