黑老虎果实发育及种子油脂积累规律

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220042

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Research on fruit development and seed oil accumulation of Kadsura coccinea can provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and management of fruit development and the development and utilization of seed oil. Method: In this study, the phenotype, transverse diameter and shape index of fruits and seeds were observed at 8 different stages of fruit development of K. coccinea. The Soxhlet extraction, laser confocal microscopy and gas chromatography methods were used to observe and determine the oil content, oil body shape and distribution as well as fatty acid composition of the seeds. Result: The fruit development period of K. coccinea was about 110 days, which was able to be divided into three stages: green fruit stage (14?56 DAF, days after flowing), color turning stage (56?84 DAF), and red fruit stage (84?112 DAF). The growth curves of horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and mass of fruits and seeds showed a single "S" shape, which was in line with the Logistic regression model, with the determination coefficient as high as 0.967 2?0.998 6. From 14 to 98 DAF was the fruit growth period, and the horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and mass increased rapidly. At maturity, the horizontal diameter of fruit was 115.99 mm, the vertical diameter of fruit was 105.65 mm, and the mass of single fruit was 526.08 g. From 14 to 84 DAF was the seed growth period. At maturity, the horizontal diameter of seed was 12.38 mm, the vertical diameter of seed was 14.26 mm, and the mass of 100-seed was 47.85 g. The oil accumulation rule of seeds was "slow-fast-slow". The accumulation was slow at green fruit stage, rapid accumulation at color change stage, and slow accumulation at red fruit stage. The oil accumulation equation wasy = 56.261 2 · (1+ $ {\mathrm{e}}^{6.582\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ }1-0.102t} $ ) ^?1. The seed oil body ofK. coccinea was spherical, and the volume became larger and the number increased, and gradually filled the whole cell with the development of seeds. A total of 16 fatty acids were detected during oil accumulation, mainly palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, with the highest content of linoleic acid. The oil content of mature seeds of K. coccinea was up to 55.51 g·100 g^?1, in which unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 77.10%, and the relative content of linoleic acid was 66.88%, belonging to high quality vegetable oils. Conclusion: The patterns of fruit development and seed oil accumulation of K. coccinea conform to the Logistic regression model. The Logistic equation can reflect the situation of fruit development and oil accumulation, which has important guiding significance for fruit production. K. coccinea seed has high oil content, regular oil shape and high oil quality, so that it has great potential and development value as plant edible oil.

Key words: Kadsura coccinea, fruit development, oil accumulation, oil body, fatty acid composition

CLC Number:

S565.9

Tieding He,Fengxia Shao,Saiyang Zhang,Juan Chen,Changhong Yang,Sen Wang. Fruit Development and Seed Oil Accumulation of Kadsura coccinea[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(2): 75-85.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 2

Fatty acid components and relative contents of seed during development of K. coccinea %"

脂肪酸Fatty acids	14 DAF	28 DAF	42 DAF	56 DAF	70 DAF	84 DAF	98 DAF	112 DAF
辛酸Caprylic acid	0.78±0.05a	0.73±0.04ab	0.67±0.04b	0.50±0.04c	0.40±0.05d	0.33±0.02d	0.13±0.01e	0.11±0.01e
癸酸Capric acid	1.84±0.13a	1.79±0.13a	1.93±0.2 3a	1.94±0.14a	1.86±0.22a	1.15±0.1b	0.94±0.07b	1.05±0.05b
十三碳酸Tridecanoic acid	2.56±0.21abc	2.36±0.1c	2.57±0.23abc	2.93±0.22ab	2.99±0.14a	2.52±0.25bc	1.23±0.06d	1.35±0.06d
肉豆蔻酸Myristic acid	1.99±0.09e	2.16±0.13de	2.6±0.25c	2.53±0.21cd	3.14±0.13b	3.63±0.25a	3.04±0.04b	3.25±0.03ab
十五碳酸Pentadecanoic acid	0.17±0.01c	0.28±0.02b	0.14±0.01c	0.42±0.01a	0.18±0.01c	0.29±0.02b	0.45±0.04a	0.31±0.03b
十五碳一烯酸Pentadecenoic acid	0.33±0.02cd	0.39±0.04ab	0.31±0.02d	0.15±0.01e	0.38±0.01abc	0.34±0.02bcd	0.38±0.02abc	0.42±0.02a
棕榈酸Palmitic acid	38.59±1.88a	36.56±1.98a	28.85±1.92b	22.12±1.24c	18.02±1.03d	15.87±1.41de	13.06±1.23e	13.04±0.34e
棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid	0.56±0.04a	0.41±0.02b	0.34±0.02c	0.17±0.01d	0.15±0.01d	0.04±0.00e	0.03±0.00e	0.03±0.00e
十七碳酸Heptadecanoic acid	4.52±0.48a	3.74±0.21b	2.37±0.25c	2.39±0.16c	0.41±0.02d	0.43±0.04d	0.34±0.01d	0.33±0.03d
十七碳一烯酸Heptadecenoic acid	1.60±0.11a	0.98±0.02b	0.59±0.05cd	0.61±0.06c	0.19±0.03f	0.24±0.03f	0.46±0.05de	0.45±0.04e
硬脂酸Stearic acid	11.27±0.15c	13.9±0.57b	15.44±1.21a	11.92±0.56c	5.57±0.44d	3.01±0.16e	3.30±0.16e	3.14±0.14e
油酸Oleic acid	0.51±0.03d	1.33±0.05d	3.98±0.3c	6.31±0.45b	6.31±0.46b	7.15±0.46b	8.16±0.36a	9.03±0.67a
亚油酸Linoleic acid	23.62±1.57e	28.43±1.6de	35.49±1.29d	46.10±2.81c	59.69±3.63b	64.38±4.76ab	67.88±3.78a	66.88±4.36ab
亚麻酸Linolenic acid	10.96±0.34a	6.45±0.66b	4.23±0.14c	1.52±0.08d	0.42±0.02e	0.18±0.01e	0.28±0.02e	0.28±0.03e
花生酸Arachidic acid	—	—	—	0.08±0.01a	0.05±0.01b	0.08±0.02a	0.04±0.00bc	0.03±0.00c
花生烯酸Eicosenoic acid	0.70±0.03a	0.49±0.02b	0.49±0.04b	0.31±0.01cd	0.25±0.02d	0.36±0.03c	0.29±0.01d	0.31±0.02cd
饱和脂肪SFA	63.44±2.75a	62.01±2.53a	55.06±2.76b	45.16±1.27c	32.82±2.81d	27.59±0.65de	22.78±0.91e	22.90±1.87e
单不饱和脂肪MUFA	2.98±0.23e	3.11±0.08e	5.22±0.4d	7.32±0.87c	6.96±0.51c	7.82±1.21bc	9.05±0.09ab	9.95±1.08a
多不饱和脂肪PUFA	33.58±2.48d	34.88±1.96d	39.72±1.34d	47.52±3.45c	60.21±3.49b	64.59±4.11ab	68.16±2.97a	67.15±4.19ab

Table 2

Table 3

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性状 Character	模型方程 Model equation	相关系数 Correlationcoefficient (R)	决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)	F	P
果实横径Horizontal diameter of fruit	$y=\dfrac{126.653\;9}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{1.415\;3-0.035\;416t} }$	0.998 3	0.996 6	728.842 8	0.000 1
果实纵径 Vertical diameter of fruit	$y=\dfrac{112.462\;9}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{1.277\;6-0.035\;976t} }$	0.999 2	0.998 5	1614.518 3	0.000 1
单果质量 Single fruit mass	$y=\dfrac{556.410\;3}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{4.067\;2-0.064\;480t} }$	0.999 2	0.998 6	1818.989 0	0.000 1
种子横径 Horizontal diameter of seed	$y=\dfrac{12.395\;1}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{0.874\;6-0.037\;442t} }$	0.983 5	0.967 2	73.683 3	0.000 2
种子纵径 Vertical diameter of seed	$y=\dfrac{14.166\;3}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{0.925\;1-0.060\;233t} }$	0.992 4	0.984 9	162.518 8	0.000 1
种子百粒质量 100-seed mass	$y=\dfrac{54.921\;5}{1+{\mathrm{e} }^{1.462\;1-0.030\;949t} }$	0.994 5	0.989 1	226.978 0	0.000 1

	棕榈酸Palmitic acid	硬脂酸Stearic acid	油酸Oleic acid	亚油酸Linoleic acid	亚麻酸Linolenic acid	饱和脂肪酸SFA	单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA	多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA
棕榈酸Palmitic acid	1
硬脂酸Stearic acid	0.561	1
油酸Oleic acid	?0.663	?0.759	1
亚油酸Linoleic acid	?0.926**	?0.882*	0.725	1
亚麻酸Linolenic acid	0.754	0.524	?0.851*	?0.822	1
饱和脂肪酸SFA	0.917**	0.804**	?0.741	?0.905*	0.317	1
单不饱和脂肪酸 MUFA	?0.837	?0.752	0.902**	0.459	?0.826	?0.905*	1
多不饱和脂肪酸 PUFA	?0.910**	?0.813*	0.815	0.935**	?0.834	?0.963**	0.837	1

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Fruit Development and Seed Oil Accumulation of Kadsura coccinea

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