降香黄檀与东京黄檀木材解剖特征及抽提物化学成分的可区别性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210211

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The chemical compositions of extracts, anatomical characteristics and plant morphology were compared between Dalbergia odorifera and D. tonkinensis, and the distinguishability of them was explored to provide a basis to determine whether they were the same species. Method: Observation method was used to observe the tree morphological characteristics of D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis. Wood anatomical method was used to observe the three dimensional sections of wood, wood tissue structure of D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis were observed by means of macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. The chemical compositions of extracts of D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis were checked by GC/MS and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method and a comparative analysis was made. Result: The flowers, fruits, and leaves of D. odorifera were similar to those of D. tonkinensis. Compared with D. tonkinensis, the grain of D. odorifera was slightly rich. The pore type belonged to the semi-ring porous wood and the heartwood had slightly less heterogeneous-Ⅲ ray tissue, but these differences were difficult to quantify. Thus, it was difficult to distinguish between the two species and other structural features were not distinguishable. The wood from the same latitude was clustered into one group by cluster analysis and the chemical compositions of the extracts from them had no relation with species. Similarly, the PCA analysis showed no distinguishability because of obvious intersection between the two groups. Conclusion: There are no significant differences in the morphological characteristics of flowers, fruits and leaves, the anatomical structure of wood and the chemical compositions of extracts from D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis. Therefore, there was no distinguishability between the two species.

Key words: Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia tonkinensis, morphological characteristics, wood structure, chemical compositions

CLC Number:

Heng Liu,Fujun Shi,Weishui Li,Zhongmian Wei,Ruoke Ma,Zhigao Liu,Yingjian Li,Yunlin Fu. Distinguishability of Dalbergia odorifera and Dalbergia tonkinensis in Wood Anatomic Properties and Extraction Chemical Compositions[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(2): 103-114.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Fig.2

Table 3

Main structural differences in wood"

编号No.	H1	H2	H3	Y1	Y2	Y3
纹理 Grain	具有深褐色条纹 With dark brown stripes	具有深褐色条纹 With dark brown stripes	具有深褐色条纹 With dark brown stripes	不具有深褐色条纹 Without dark brown stripes	具有深褐色条纹 With dark brown stripes	不具有深褐色条纹 Without dark brown stripes
管孔 Pore	散孔材至半环孔材；单管孔, 极少数径列复管孔(2~3个) Diffuse porous wood to semi-ring porous wood; Solitary, very few multiple pore(2-3)	散孔材至半环孔材；单管孔, 少数径列复管孔(2~3个) Diffuse porous wood to semi-ring porous wood; Solitary, few multiple pore(2-3)	散孔材至半环孔材；单管孔, 少数径列复管孔(2~5个) Diffuse porous wood to semi-ring porous wood; Solitary, few multiple pore(2-5)	散孔材略具半环孔趋势；单管孔, 极少数径列复管孔(2~3个) Diffuse porous wood slightly with a tendency of semi-ring porous wood; Solitary, very few multiple pore(2-3)	散孔材至半环孔材；单管孔, 少数径列复管孔(2~3个) Diffuse porous wood to semi-ring porous wood; Solitary, few multiple pore(2-3)	散孔材略具半环孔趋势；单管孔, 少数径列复管孔(2~3个) Diffuse porous wood slightly with a tendency of semi-ring porous wood; Solitary, few multiple pore(2-3)
轴向薄壁组织 Longitudinal parenchyma	叠生，环管状、翼状、聚翼状、带状(宽3~6个细胞) Storied; vasicentric, aliform, confluent, banded type(3-6 cells wide)	叠生，环管状、翼状、聚翼状、带状(宽2~6个细胞) Storied; vasicentric, aliform, confluent, banded type(2-6 cells wide)	叠生，环管状、翼状、聚翼状、带状(宽2~4个细胞) Storied; vasicentric, aliform, confluent, banded type(2-4 cells wide)	叠生，环管状、翼状、聚翼状、带状(宽2~6个细胞) Storied; vasicentric, aliform, confluent, banded type(2-6 cells wide)	叠生，环管状、翼状、聚翼状、带状(宽3~6个细胞) Storied; vasicentric, aliform, confluent, banded type(3-6 cells wide)	叠生，环管状、翼状、聚翼状、带状(宽3~6个细胞) Storied; vasicentric, aliform, confluent, banded type(3-6 cells wide)
木射线 Wood ray	叠生；同形单列、多列(2~4细胞)，极少数异形Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型；单列射线约占30%，2列射线约占69%，3列及3列以上射线约占1% Storied; Homogeneous uniseriate, multiseriate ray(2-4 cells), very few heterogeneous type Ⅱ or Ⅲ; About 30% uniseriate ray, 69% biseriate ray, 1% multiseriate ray	叠生；同形单列、多列(2~4细胞)，极少数异形Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型；单列射线约占24%，2列射线约占75%，3列及3列以上射线约占1% Storied; Homogeneous uniseriate, multiseriate ray(2-4 cells), very few heterogeneous type Ⅱ or Ⅲ; About 24% uniseriate ray, 75% biseriate ray, 1% multiseriate ray	叠生；同形单列、多列(2~4细胞)，极少数异形Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型；单列射线约占34%，2列射线约占62%，3列及3列以上射线约占4% Storied; Homogeneous uniseriate, multiseriate ray(2-4 cells), very few heterogeneous type Ⅱ or Ⅲ; About 34% uniseriate ray, 62% biseriate ray, 4% multiseriate ray	叠生；同形单列、多列(2~4细胞)，极少数异形Ⅲ型；单列射线约占37%，2列射线约占62%，3列及3列以上射线约占1% Storied; Homogeneous uniseriate, multiseriate ray(2-4 cells), very few heterogeneous type Ⅲ; About 37% uniseriate ray, 62% biseriate ray, 1% multiseriate ray	叠生；同形单列、多列(2~4细胞)，极少数异形Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型；单列射线约占27%，2列射线约占72%，3列及3列以上射线约占1% Storied; Homogeneous uniseriate, multiseriate ray(2-4 cells), very few heterogeneous type Ⅱ or Ⅲ; About 27% uniseriate ray, 72% biseriate ray, 1% multiseriate ray	叠生；同形单列、多列(2~4细胞)，极少数异形Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型；单列射线约占36%，2列射线约占61%，3列及3列以上射线约占3% Storied; Homogeneous uniseriate, multiseriate ray(2-4 cells), very few heterogeneous type Ⅱ or Ⅲ; About 36% uniseriate ray, 61% biseriate ray, 3% multiseriate ray

Table 3

Fig.3

Table 4

Identification of compounds of each chromatographic peak"

编号 No.	保留时间 Retention time/min	化合物名称 Compounds name	CAS号 CAS number	匹配度 Similarity(%)
1	8.854	正十九烷Nonadecane	629-92-5	96
2	8.861	十三烷Tridecane	629-50-5	94
3	9.388	2, 5-二甲基-3-己炔-2, 5-二醇 2, 5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2, 5-diol	142-30-3	75
4	10.544	氧化石竹烯(-)-Caryophyllene oxide	1139-30-6	85
5	11.528	Methyl 4-heptylbenzoate	6892-80-4	79
6	13.568	橙花叔醇Nerolidol	7212-44-4	81
7	13.718	红没药醇α-bisabolol	515-69-5	98
8	14.084	反式-橙花叔醇Trans-nerolidol	40716-66-3	78
9	14.347	桉树醇1, 8-cineole	470-82-6	81
10	16.428	环氧蛇麻烯Ⅱ Humulene epoxide Ⅱ	19888-34-7	81
11	16.765	磷酸三丁酯Tributyl phosphate	126-73-8	94
12	17.517	紫丁香醇2, 6-dimethoxyphenol	91-10-1	84
13	21.112	金合欢醇Farnesol	4602-84-0	87
14	22.775	花生四烯酸Arachidonic acid	506-32-1	84
15	29.516	邻苯二甲酸丁基酯2-乙基己基酯 1-O-butyl 2-O-(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylate	85-69-8	94
16	29.848	棕榈酸Palmitic acid	57-10-3	96
17	30.363	花生酸乙酯Ethyl arachidate	18281-05-5	88
18	31.968	亚油酸Linoleic acid	60-33-3	90
19	32.235	Floionolic acid	583-86-8	96
20	32.355	硬脂酸Stearic acid	57-11-4	83
21	32.562	十九烷基乙酸酯Nonadecyl acetate	1577-43-1	97
22	33.684	维生素A酸All-trans-retinoic acid	302-79-4	81
23	34.443	乔松素Pinocembrin	480-39-7	84
24	35.089	美迪紫檀素(-)-Medicarpin	32383-76-9	67
25	35.776	漆黄素Fisetin	528-48-3	67
26	36.482	油酸酰胺Oleamide	301-02-0	90
27	37.147	3, 4-二甲氧基苯乙烯3, 4-Dimethoxy styrene	6380-23-0	83
28	37.385	刺芒柄花素Formononetin	485-72-3	74
29	37.626	柚皮素(S)-naringenin	480-41-1	87
30	38.748	2-叔丁基-1, 4-二甲氧基苯 2-tert-butyl-1, 4-dimethoxybenzene	21112-37-8	93
31	39.099	4-羟基-3-叔丁基-苯甲醚 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole	121-00-6	67

Table 4

Table 5

The composition of each wood extraction %"

化合物编号 No.	心材 Heartwood						过渡材 Transition wood						边材 Sapwood
化合物编号 No.	H1	H2	H3	Y1	Y2	Y3	H1	H2	H3	Y1	Y2	Y3	H1	H2	H3	Y1	Y2	Y3
1	1.297	—	0.210	0.354	0.083	—	0.981	1.129	0.261	0.077	0.375	0.536	—	2.392	2.209	0.065	0.388	—
2	2.833	—	—	0.235	0.017	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.332	0.006	—	—	—	0.067
3	1.297	—	0.101	0.412	0.031	—	0.007	0.002	0.065	0.035	0.139	1.389	—	0.003	—	0.007	0.002	0.981
4	1.174	—	0.167	0.201	0.005	0.038	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.084	1.519
5	1.146	—	0.082	0.008	0.026	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.019	—	—	0.005	—	3.218
6	11.380	4.053	6.448	4.108	10.050	10.350	—	5.080	7.343	1.877	4.361	0.657	0.067	—	—	0.077	1.343	0.816
7	4.382	8.185	8.529	6.336	9.087	3.263	—	8.287	9.470	3.073	2.650	0.001	—	2.242	9.186	0.265	1.607	0.999
8	23.130	20.760	19.680	12.590	9.274	4.396	49.040	18.500	22.140	5.931	4.428	0.202	—	4.444	8.919	0.062	2.085	0.042
9	1.491	0.939	0.685	0.278	0.221	0.091	5.265	0.227	0.686	0.201	0.177	0.189	—	—	—	—	—	—
10	4.407	2.835	4.881	2.400	4.203	0.889	1.459	3.610	3.034	—	1.130	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
11	4.702	3.027	2.107	0.633	1.759	1.161	14.860	10.550	0.829	0.278	0.687	1.445	74.630	17.560	3.267	—	1.097	0.014
12	0.005	1.032	1.032	—	0.531	0.106	0.124	1.570	1.042	0.139	0.001	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
13	0.001	1.669	2.219	—	0.865	0.729	—	—	1.990	0.217	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
14	—	1.248	0.655	—	0.562	0.120	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
15	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.983	1.118	0.424	—	5.724	0.224	4.406	3.410	0.215
16	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	5.805	0.384	0.156	0.014	0.057	3.668	2.359	2.082	29.820	—	3.668
17	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.404	0.002	0.023	0.178	0.355	3.212	0.131	0.090	—	0.537	8.721	0.131
18	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.977	0.049	0.186	0.020	0.132	0.757	0.080	—	0.179	1.038	0.757
19	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.667	10.190	0.604	0.243	0.389	1.176	8.576	2.582	3.277	0.349	2.278	8.576
20	—	1.378	0.013	0.024	0.007	0.070	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.958	0.193	—	0.199	34.300	0.958
21	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.693	0.273	0.011	0.218	0.029	4.337	—	—	—	—	—	—
22	0.295	0.190	0.118	2.510	0.503	1.739	0.383	1.267	0.012	1.538	0.595	0.389	3.411	0.503	1.299	1.001	0.436	3.411
23	5.814	1.228	1.137	0.166	2.749	2.904	3.637	0.346	1.871	23.160	2.741	3.216	0.133	0.523	2.893	0.597	0.373	0.133
24	1.125	22.320	6.935	20.110	8.640	2.110	3.976	6.489	7.198	2.572	5.454	1.049	5.893	5.371	1.717	1.480	0.285	5.893
25	4.173	2.412	2.679	1.254	3.458	4.587	2.261	0.520	2.389	1.915	2.464	3.318	—	—	—	—	—	—
26	0.802	1.278	0.932	0.197	0.717	1.217	0.261	8.867	1.000	1.390	0.865	0.218	5.339	3.641	—	1.396	0.029	5.339
27	2.859	5.164	3.789	4.071	13.490	11.800	3.636	1.926	4.808	7.730	16.970	21.170	0.164	2.416	3.415	3.510	—	0.164
28	0.041	1.710	3.268	6.705	2.590	16.960	0.022	0.121	3.068	1.587	4.149	6.502	0.477	2.606	—	1.298	—	0.477
29	1.115	2.847	1.152	4.861	4.254	8.493	1.760	0.116	2.027	5.580	5.861	4.978	0.242	0.143	3.629	1.542	0.038	0.242
30	—	0.003	0.011	1.140	0.008	0.086	—	0.023	0.013	1.627	0.038	2.542	0.012	0.026	0.026	0.073	1.184	0.012
31	—	0.551	3.102	0.026	0.083	0.038	—	—	3.320	0.498	0.208	0.037	0.004	3.516	0.010	0.077	—	0.004

Table 5

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

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树种 Tree species	样品编号 No.	样品产地 Origin place of samples	地理坐标 Latitude and longitude	气候条件 Climate condition	土壤 Soil
降香黄檀 D. odorifera	H1	广西南宁树木园 Guangxi Nanning Arboretum	22°43′31″N 108°16′24″E	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	赤红壤 Latosolic red soil
	H2	海南定安县翰林中学 Hanlin Middle School, Anding, Hainan	19°20′10″N 110°15′40″E	热带海洋性季风气候 Tropical marine monsoon climate	红壤 Red soil
	H3	海南东方市八所电台 Dongfang Basuo Radio, Hainan	19°05′48″N 108°38′04″E	热带海洋性季风气候 Tropical marine monsoon climate	赤红壤 Latosolic red soil
东京黄檀 D. tonkinensis	Y1	越南广平省洞海市郊区 The outskirts of Dong Hoi, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam	17°28′59″N 106°35′59″E	热带季风气候 Tropical monsoon climate	强淋溶土 Acrisols
	Y2	越南广宁省越南林业大学 Vietnam Forestry University, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam	21°05′04″N 106°30′37″E	热带季风气候 Tropical monsoon climate	强淋溶土 Acrisols
	Y3	越南河内市郊区 The outskirts of Hanoi, Vietnam	21°01′28″N 105°50′28″E	热带季风气候 Tropical monsoon climate	强淋溶土 Acrisols

形态特征 Morphology	花 Flowers	果 Pods	叶 Leaves
降香黄檀 D. odorifera	圆锥花序腋生，长8~10 cm，径6~7 cm，花白色或淡黄色 Panicle axillary, 8-10 cm long, 6-7 cm in diameter, white or yellowish flowers	荚果舌状长圆形，长5~8 cm，宽约2 cm；有种子1~2粒，大部分为1粒，种子肾形，扁平 Pods are ligulate oblong, 5-8 cm long and 2 cm wide, with 1-2 seeds, mostly 1 seed; Seeds kidney-shaped and flat	羽状复叶长12~25 cm；叶柄长1~3 cm；小叶3~6对，互生，近革质，卵形或椭圆形，长3~9 cm，宽2~4 cm Pinnately compound leaves 12-25 cm long; Petiole 1-3 cm long; Leaflets 3-6 pairs, alternate, nearly leathery, oval or elliptical, 3-9 cm long and 2-4 cm wide
东京黄檀 D. tonkinensis	圆锥花序腋生，长约8~10 cm，径5~7 cm，花白色或淡黄色 Panicle axillary, about 8-10 cm long, 5-7 cm in diameter, white or yellowish flowers	荚果舌状长圆形，长5~8 cm，宽约2 cm；有种子1~2粒，大部分为1粒，种子肾形，扁平 Pods are ligulate oblong, 5-8 cm long and 2 cm wide, with 1-2 seeds, mostly 1 seed; Seeds kidney-shaped and flat	羽状复叶长10~25 cm；叶柄长1~3 cm；小叶3~5对，互生，近革质，卵形或椭圆形，长4~9 cm，宽2~5 cm Pinnately compound leaves 10-25 cm long; Petiole 1-3 cm long; Leaflets 3-5 pairs, alternate, nearly leathery, oval or elliptical, 4-9 cm long and 2-5 cm wide

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Distinguishability of Dalbergia odorifera and Dalbergia tonkinensis in Wood Anatomic Properties and Extraction Chemical Compositions

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