厚竹出退笋规律及退笋过程中营养成分的变化

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191204

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectve: This study aims to investigate the pattern of shoot emergence and degradation and the characteristics of nutrient quality changes during degradation of Phyllostachys edulis' Pachyloen', so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization of degraded bamboo shoots. Method: In this study, we monitored the height growth of P. edulis' Pachyloen' shoots, and counted the number of emergence and degraded shoots and analyzed the pattern of the shoot emergence and degradation. In addition, the contents of nutrients (basic nutrients were determined by ordinary chemical composition analysis method, mineral elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, amino acids were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer) were measured and the change pattern of nutrients was analyzed during the degradation of bamboo shoots. Result: 1) There were 1171, 818 and 575 shoots, respectively in 2015, 2017 and 2018. The annual shoot emergence of P. edulis' Pachyloen' presented a normal distribution curve, and the percentage of degraded shoots increased from the early stage to the late stage of shooting. The height of degraded shoots was mainly below 50 cm, among which the proportion of degraded shoots below 30 cm was 69.81%, 83.60% and 86.09%, respectively in 2015, 2017 and 2018. The height growth of degraded shoots was lower than that of normal shoots in the same time, indicating that the physiological metabolism in degraded shoots is slow. 2) The contents of crude protein, soluble sugar and starch in degraded shoots were lower than those in normal shoots, while the contents of ash and acid detergent fiber were higher than those in normal shoots. The contents of different mineral elements ranged from high to low were:P > Mg > Ca > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu. There were 17 kinds of amino acids in both degraded and normal shoots, and the total amino acid contents of degraded shoots was significantly lower than that of normal shoots, and decreased with the degree of degradation. Besides, there was no significant difference in the total amount of amino acids between the middle and late stages of degradation. Conclusion: P. edulis' Pachyloen' emerged many shoots every year, and there was no obvious difference in the shoot number between on-year and off-year, indicating that it is more suitable for cultivating high-quality bamboo forest and has higher value of economy. The percentage of degraded shoots of P. edulis' Pachyloen' was generally high, and the degradation mainly occurred within 50 cm in shoot height, which is consistent to that of P. edulis. The results indicated that the shoots of P. edulis' Pachyloen' degraded mainly in the early stage of height growth. The findings can be used as a theoretical basis for the cutting height of degraded shoots. P. edulis' Pachyloen' degraded shoots are still rich in proteins, amino acids, mineral elements, and so on, thus it has high edible value, and timely utilization of degraded shoots can effectively improve bamboo production value.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis' Pachyloen', growth regulation, degraded shoot, nutrient components

CLC Number:

S714

Ali Chen,Wanqi Zhao,Yuqing Ruan,Chunce Guo,Wengen Zhang,Jianmin Shi,Guangyao Yang,Fen Yu. Pattern of Emergence and Degradation of Phyllostachys edulis' Pachyloen' Shoot and the Changes of Nutrient Composition during Degradation[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(12): 32-40.

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References 0

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年份 Year	指标 Index	出笋阶段Sprouting period			总计 Total
年份 Year	指标 Index	初期 Early stage	盛期 Peak stage	末期 Late stage	总计 Total
2015	出笋量Bamboo shoots	474	544	153	1 171
	退笋量Degraded bamboo shoots	249	329	115	693
	退笋率Percentage	52.53%	60.48%	75.16%	59.18%
2017	出笋量Bamboo shoots	305	445	68	818
	退笋量Degraded bamboo shoots	147	243	49	439
	退笋率Percentage	48.20%	54.61%	72.06%	53.67%
2018	出笋量Bamboo shoots	234	302	39	575
	退笋量Degraded bamboo shoots	125	189	31	345
	退笋率Percentage	53.42%	62.58%	79.49%	60.00%

年份 Year	指标 Index	退笋高度Height of degraded shoots/cm				总计 Total
年份 Year	指标 Index	0~10	11~30	31~50	> 50	总计 Total
2015	退笋数Number	71	114	47	33	265
2015	退笋率Percentage	26.79%	43.02%	17.74%	12.45%	100%
2017	退笋数Number	156	211	59	13	439
2017	退笋率Percentage	35.54%	48.06%	13.44%	2.96%	100%
2018	退笋数Number	138	159	36	12	345
2018	退笋率Percentage	40%	46.09%	10.43%	3.48%	100%

氨基酸 Amino acid	正常笋 Normal shoots	初期退笋 Early degraded shoots	中期退笋 Midterm degradedshoots	后期退笋 Later degraded shoots
天冬氨酸(Asp)	2.35±0.02	3.89±0.04	3.39±0.04	4.07±0.04
苏氨酸(Thr)^*	0.93±0.01	0.79±0.01	0.77±0.01	0.79±0.00
丝氨酸(Ser)	1.00±0.01	0.90±0.01	0.90±0.01	0.92±0.01
谷氨酸(Glu)	2.98±0.02	2.13±0.02	2.10±0.03	1.95±0.01
甘氨酸(Gly)	1.03±0.02	0.79±0.01	0.78±0.01	0.75±0.00
丙氨酸(Ala)	1.50±0.02	1.27±0.02	1.19±0.01	1.22±0.00
胱氨酸(Cys)	0.09±0.01	0.06±0.00	0.07±0.00	0.08±0.00
缬氨酸(Val)^*	1.33±0.00	1.09±0.01	1.06±0.02	1.04±0.01
蛋氨酸(Met)^*	0.31±0.01	0.22±0.00	0.19±0.01	0.23±0.01
异亮氨酸(Ile)^*	0.95±0.01	0.77±0.01	0.75±0.01	0.72±0.00
亮氨酸(Leu)^*	1.59±0.01	1.19±0.00	1.17±0.03	1.13±0.01
酪氨酸(Tyr)	6.02±0.00	5.25±0.08	4.40±0.04	3.91±0.05
苯丙氨酸(Phe)^*	0.85±0.01	0.68±0.02	0.65±0.01	0.59±0.00
赖氨酸(Lys)^*	1.13±0.01	0.81±0.01	0.84±0.01	0.88±0.01
组氨酸(His)	0.43±0.00	0.39±0.00	0.39±0.00	0.39±0.00
精氨酸(Arg)	1.26±0.01	0.96±0.02	0.93±0.01	0.90±0.01
脯氨酸(Pro)	0.94±0.01	0.83±0.02	0.77±0.01	0.78±0.01
必需氨基酸(EAA)	7.09±0.03	5.55±0.05	5.43±0.08	5.38±0.00
非必需氨基酸(NAA)	17.60±0.08	16.47±0.22	14.92±0.14	14.97±0.02
总计(TAA)	24.69±0.11	22.02±0.28	20.35±0.22	20.35±0.02

Pattern of Emergence and Degradation of Phyllostachys edulis' Pachyloen' Shoot and the Changes of Nutrient Composition during Degradation

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