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Scientia Silvae Sinicae ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 144-151.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140421

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Biological Characteristics and Oleoresin Production of Sindora glabra in Hainan Island

Wu Zhongfeng1, Yang Jinchang1, Cheng Tielong2, Yin Guangtian1, Xu Han1, Liu Zhilong3   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, CAF Guangzhou, 510520;
    2. Division of Science & Technology, CAF Beijing 100091;
    3. Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, CAF Pingxiang 532600
  • Received:2013-07-30 Revised:2013-11-20 Online:2014-04-25 Published:2014-05-06
  • Contact: 杨锦昌

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Abstract:

Sindora glabra belongs to genus Sindora of family Caesalpiniaceae and is one of Second Class Key Protected Wild Plants in China with multiple uses. In order to further understand its biological characteristics and promote the conservation and utilization of its resources, we investigated the germplasm resources, distribution habitat, community characteristics, seed characteristics, and growing habitat of seedlings and adult plants. The oleoresin production biology was studied by drilling trunk and regularly collecting the oleoresin. The results showed that S. glabra plants distributed mainly in an attitude range of 200-700 m downhill of the tropical lowland rain forest and the tropical ravine rain forest of Lingshui, Sanya, Wuzhishan, Ledong, Dongfang, Changjiang and Baisha. Most of them grew in yellow soil and laterite formed from granite without slope aspect preference. In the Jianfengling nature reserve S. glabra was scattered in the forest communities with the relative density of 0.43% and relative frequency of 0.87%. There was significant phenomenon of alternate bearing with mean fruiting period of 3.5 years. The average seed length, width, thickness and grain weight of S. glabra were 1.93 cm, 1.56 cm, 1.00 cm, 2.048 2 kg, respectively. Both seed size and grain weight were significantly different between populations and among individuals while the variation between populations was greater than that between individuals. Growth rate of one-year-old seedlings was less than 50 cm in height and about 0.50 cm in ground diameter, indicating the S. glabra seedlings grew slowly compared with other tropical tree species. Growth speed of adult plants varied in different introducing areas of S. glabra with annual increment range of 0.56-1.17 cm in DBH and 0.22-0.61 m in height, respectively. S. glabra in natural forests grew slightly slower with the DBH and height increment of 0.48 cm and 0.17 m per year compared with in introducing areas, however it had the moderate growth compared with other tropical tree species. The on-site oleoresin draining from perforated trunk was less than 20%, but the proportion from trunk perforated half year ago increased to more than 90%, suggesting that the perforation damage promoted oil-producing. The on-site oleoresin yield from perforated trunk varied dramatically among S. glabra individuals with the maximal yield of 46.57 L, and annual oleoresin yields fluctuated from less than 0.01 to 3.00 L among different individuals with the mean value of 0.55 L. The oleoresin yield increased with the diameter at breast height (DBH) from 0.23-1.08 L per tree with the peak value of 1.08 L in the DHB of 61-70 cm.

Key words: Sindora glabra, distribution of resources, oleoresin production biology, seed size, flowering habitat

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