竹材酶水解制备单糖的预处理研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220357

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

糖类是生物体的基本营养物质和重要组成成分，糖平台化合物指糖类经生物或化学转化而来的基本化学物质，并可进一步转化为高价值的生物基化学品或材料。利用资源量大、生长周期短的竹材制备单糖，进而开发一系列生物基糖平台化合物，前景广阔。竹材可通过绿色、环保、可持续的生物酶水解工艺制备单糖，其中最关键的步骤是预处理，要求成本合理、废液处理过程简便环保，且木质素能够有效利用。本研究综述近10年来预处理对竹材酶水解制备单糖的影响，从反应机理、底物收率、底物中纤维素含量、酶水解性能和糖降解生成发酵抑制物等角度，概括总结物理法、化学法、物理化学法、共晶溶剂法、有机溶剂法和其他方法等预处理方法的优势和不足。基于绿色高效转化利用的目标，建议竹材预处理制备单糖要综合考虑预处理工艺、生物酶制剂、竹种、竹龄和木质素高值化利用等因素，并提出未来竹材生物炼制技术的研究方向：1）竹材的致密和坚硬结构是影响其高效预处理的重要因素，需探索系统的低耗能破碎方法；2）研发具备廉价、绿色、工艺简便和降解产物少的预处理药剂以及符合竹材结构特性的预处理方法；3）研发竹材木质素高值化利用关键技术与工艺，推进竹材原料全化学组分利用。

关键词: 竹材, 预处理, 酶水解, 单糖

Abstract:

Saccharides are the basic nutrients and important components for living organisms, while sugar based platform compounds are essential chemicals derived from sugars through biological or chemical transformation and can be further transformed into high-value bio-based chemicals or materials. Bamboo, which has a large biomass resource and short growth cycle, is a potential source for development of a series of biomass-based sugar platform compounds. The process of preparing monosaccharides from bamboo by enzymatic hydrolysis is green and sustainable, where the most critical step is pretreatment, which requires reasonable cost, easy and environmentally friendly spent liquid treatment process and effective utilization of lignin. This paper reviews the influence of pretreatment methods on enzymatic hydrolysis for the preparation of monosaccharides from bamboo in the last decade, and summarizes the advantages and shortcomings of pretreatment methods including physical, chemical, physicochemical, eutectic solvent, organic solvent and other methods, compares the perspectives of each reaction mechanism, substrate yield, cellulose content in substrate, enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and sugar degradation to generate fermentation inhibitors. To reach the goal of green and efficient conversion utilization, the pretreatment process, enzymes, bamboo species and age, lignin utilization should be taken into account. The future research of bamboo biorefinery technology are proposed: 1) due to the hardness of bamboo materials, it is necessary to explore low energy consumption crushing method; 2) to develop pretreatment process which not only has green chemicals, simple process, low degradation byproduct, but also adaptive the specific structural characteristics of bamboo; 3) research on techniques for high-value utilization of bamboo lignin, and promote the utilization of the whole chemical components of bamboo raw materials.

Key words: bamboo, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, monosaccharides

中图分类号:

S785
TQ35

马腾飞,刘悦,战雅微,王美鑫,李志强. 竹材酶水解制备单糖的预处理研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(3): 150-159.

Tengfei Ma,Yue Liu,Yawei Zhan,Meixin Wang,Zhiqiang Li. Pretreatment Technology on Bamboo for Monosaccharides Production under Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Review[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(3): 150-159.

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预处理工艺 Pretreatment process	竹种 Bamboo	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/ min	压力 Pressure/ MPa	葡萄糖得率 Glucose yield(%)	还原糖得率 Reduced sugar yield(%)
锤磨（Jiang et al., 2016） Sledge mill	刺竹 Thorn bamboo	—	5	—	2.0	—
蒸汽爆破法（Li et al., 2014a） Steam explosion	撑篙竹 Pennyroyal bamboo	211.4	4	2	62.5	—

预处理工艺 Pretreatment process	含量 Concentration(%)	竹种 Bamboo	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/min	压力 Pressure/MPa	葡萄糖得率 Glucose yield(%)	还原糖得率 Reduced sugar yield(%)
H₂SO₄（Lin et al., 2019）	1.00	—	160.0	1.00	—	47.6	—
H₂SO₄/Na₂SO₃（Li et al., 2014b）	9	毛竹 Moso bamboo	180.0	0.50	—	89.3	—
H₃PO₄（Hong et al., 2012）	—	毛竹 Moso bamboo	170.0	0.75	57.9	—	—
HCl（Jagannathan et al., 2017）	5.00	—	50.0	60.00	—	51.5	—
H₂C₂O₄（Hong et al., 2013）	3.68	毛竹 Moso bamboo	178.4	0.47	63.7	—	—
NaOH（李志强等）	2	麻竹 Hemp bamboo	121.0	1.00	—	—	36.7
氨水（Yang et al., 2014） Ammonia	26	毛竹 Moso bamboo	70.0	72.00	55.7	48.7	—
水热法（Li et al., 2014c） Hydrothermal	—	毛竹 Moso bamboo	240.0	1.00	59.1	81.2	—
水溶助长剂（Mou et al., 2017） Hydrotropic	30	—	160.0	1.50	—	82.6	—

预处理工艺 Pretreatment process	竹种 Bamboo	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/min	底物葡聚糖含率 Substrate glucan content(%)	葡萄糖得率 Glucose yield(%)
H₂SO₄蒸汽爆破法（Dai et al., 2021） H₂SO₄/steam explosion	刺竹 Thorn bamboo	230	3	52.0	—
SO₂蒸汽爆破法（Yuan et al., 2020） SO₂/steam explosion	毛竹 Moso bamboo	190	15	61.7	82.0
绿液蒸汽爆破法（Gao et al., 2021） Green-liquid steam explosion	毛竹 Moso bamboo	166	28	37.6	100.0
氨气闪爆法（Shao et al., 2013） NH₃/steam explosion	毛竹 Moso bamboo	150	10	38.0	47.4
H₂O₂/氨气闪爆法（Shao et al., 2013） H₂O₂/AFEX	毛竹 Moso bamboo	150	10	38.2	68.8

预处理工艺 Pretreatment process	竹种 Bamboo	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/min	底物葡聚糖含率 Substrate glucan content(%)	葡萄糖得率 Glucose yield(%)
碱洗愈创木酚DES（Huang et al., 2021） Guaiacol-based DES	毛竹 Moso bamboo	120	60	—	96.6
乙二醇/DES（Li et al., 2022） Ethylene glycol/DES	巨龙竹 Giant dragon bamboo	130	360	71.2	85.7
微波琥珀酸DES（Ling et al., 2021） Microwave DES(succinic acid)	毛竹 Moso bamboo	160	10	64.5	57.6

预处理工艺 Pretreatment process	竹种 Bamboo	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/min	底物葡聚糖含率 Substrate glucan content(%)	葡萄糖得率 Glucose yield(%)
乙醇（Bai et al., 2013） Ethanol	甜竹 Brandisii bamboo	180	120	52.3	—
乙醇（Mou et al., 2017） Ethanol	毛竹 Moso bamboo	160	60	67.2	60.2
H₂SO₄/乙醇（Li et al., 2012） H₂SO₄/ethanol	毛竹 Moso bamboo	180	30	83.4	89.6
SO₂/乙醇（Huang et al., 2018） SO₂/ethanol	—	150	50	—	80.4
1,4-丁二醇（Zhang et al., 2020b） 1,4-Butanediol	毛竹 Moso bamboo	180	90	54.2	—
1,4-丁二醇联合水热法（Zhang et al., 2020b） 1,4-Butanediol/hydrothermal	毛竹 Moso bamboo	180	90	63.4	—
1-戊醇（Liu et al., 2019） 1-Pentanol	毛竹 Moso bamboo	130	20	—	87.3
H₂SO₄/γ-戊内酯（Li et al., 2017） H₂SO₄/γ-Valerolactone	—	160	20	—	89.5