林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 184-194.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210518
张丹妮,陈西雅,臧传富*
收稿日期:
2019-02-11
出版日期:
2021-05-25
发布日期:
2021-07-09
通讯作者:
臧传富
基金资助:
Danni Zhang,Xiya Chen,Chuanfu Zang*
Received:
2019-02-11
Online:
2021-05-25
Published:
2021-07-09
Contact:
Chuanfu Zang
摘要:
目的: 评估三北防护林体系建设工程区未来宜林性潜力,预测未来三北地区潜在可造林面积及其空间分布特征,为国家建设绿色"一带一路"、保护三北地区生态和因地制宜建设防护林提供理论参考。方法: 本研究以土壤类型、土地利用类型、干燥度、海拔及坡度5个指标建立评估体系,以林木生长所需条件确定指标的划分阈值,采用极限条件法对指标进行划分。通过地理信息系统(Arc-Gis)空间分析功能建立适宜性评估模型,依次对三北防护林体系建设工程区宜林性潜力进行单指标评估,分析工程区内可造林区域的分布特征。在单个指标评估的基础上,对工程区宜林性潜力进行综合评估。同时,运用最大熵模型对工程区宜林区域进行预测,将模型结果与上述5个指标的综合评估结果进行对比分析。结果: 在单因子评估结果中,工程区内宜林性最大的限制因素为干燥度。在综合指标评估结果中,未来可造林区域面积为58.46万km2,占工程区总面积的17.52%,其集中分布在工程区西北部、东部及东南部区域。最大熵模型的模型精度高于0.8,达到良好水平,对适生区分布概率贡献率最大的环境因子是土地利用类型。模型的宜林性评估结果去除现有森林后,三北林业工程区未来乔木适生区面积为110.94万km2,灌木适生区面积为144.11万km2,分别占工程区面积的33.24%和43.19%。结论: 三北防护林体系建设工程区内可造林区域分布在工程区西北部的天山山脉、阿尔泰山脉和准噶尔盆地边缘、内蒙古高原以东地区和鄂尔多斯高原以南地区。西部盆地边缘宜林区分布形态受地形和冰雪融水影响呈零星分布的条带状;东部和南部地区受耕地和草地影响,宜林区域分布破碎零散。整体上,工程区东部地区宜林区域分布主要受农牧业用地影响,中部地区主要受干燥度制约,西部地区则主要受干燥度和海拔影响。
中图分类号:
张丹妮,陈西雅,臧传富. 三北防护林体系建设工程区宜林潜力[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 184-194.
Danni Zhang,Xiya Chen,Chuanfu Zang. Potential for Afforestation in the Three-North Region Where Implements Shelter-Belt Forest Program[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 184-194.
表1
土壤类型评估指标"
土纲 Order of soil | 宜林性 Suitability of afforestation | 不宜林原因 Reasons | 量化 Quantification |
淋溶土 Luvisols | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
半淋溶土 Semi-luvisols | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
钙层土 Pedocal | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
干旱土 Xerosol | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
初育土 Primary soil | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
半水成土 Semi-hydromorphic soil | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
水成土 Hydromorphic soil | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
盐碱土 Saline-alkali soil | 否 No | 造林效益低( Low afforestation benefit( | 0 |
人为土 Anthrosol | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
高山土 High mountain soil | 否 No | 热量不足( Insufficient heat( | 0 |
西北盐壳 Salt crust | 否 No | 造林效益低( Low afforestation benefit( | 0 |
表2
土地利用类型评估指标"
土地利用类型 Land use type | 宜林性 Suitability of afforestation | 不宜林原因 Reasons | 量化 Quantification |
水田 Paddy field | 否 No | 我国对基本农田实行特殊保护 Special protection for basic farmland | 0 |
旱地 Dry farm | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
有林地 Woodland | 否 No | 已有林地 Existing forest | 0 |
灌木林 Shrub | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
疏林地 Sparse woodland | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
其他林地 Other woodland | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
高覆盖度草地 High coverage grass | 否 No | 我国对基本草原实行特殊保护 Special protection for basic grassland | 0 |
中覆盖度草地 Medium coverage grass | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
低覆盖度草地 Low coverage grass | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
河渠 River and channel | 否 No | 水体 Water | 0 |
湖泊 Lake | 否 No | 水体 Water | 0 |
水库坑塘 Reservoir and pond | 否 No | 水体 Water | 0 |
永久性冰川雪地 Permanent glacier and snow | 否 No | 常年被冰川和积雪所覆盖 Covered by glaciers and snow | 0 |
滩地 Shoal | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
沼泽地 Wetlands | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
城镇用地 Urban land | 否 No | 聚落生态系统 Settlement ecosystem | 0 |
农村居民点 Rural settlement | 否 No | 聚落生态系统 Settlement ecosystem | 0 |
其他建设用地 Other construction land | 否 No | 聚落生态系统 Settlement ecosystem | 0 |
沙地 Sandy land | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
戈壁 Gobi | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
盐碱地 Saline-alkali land | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
裸土地 Bare land | 是 Yes | — | 1 |
裸岩石质地 Bare rock land | 否 No | 土壤厚度不足 Insufficient soil thickness | 0 |
其他 Other unused land | 否 No | 分布地气候恶劣 Harsh climate | 0 |
陈亚宁, 李卫红, 陈亚鹏, 等. 荒漠河岸林建群植物的水分利用过程分析. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35 (1): 130- 136. | |
Chen Y N , Li W H , Chen Y P , et al. Water use process of constructive plants in desert riparian forest. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35 (1): 130- 136. | |
高若楠, 苏喜友, 谢阳生, 等. 基于随机森林的杉木适生性预测研究. 北京林业大学学报, 2017, 39 (12): 36- 43. | |
Gao R N , Su X Y , Xie Y S , et al. Prediction of adaptability of Cunninghamia lanceolata based on random forest. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39 (12): 36- 43. | |
高以信. 我国高山土壤分类研究的进展. 山地学报, 1990, 8 (1): 9- 18. | |
Gao Y X . Progress in the study of the classification of high mountain soils in China. Mountain Research, 1990, 8 (1): 9- 18. | |
韩忆楠, 彭建, 王仰麟. 基于自组织特征映射(SOFM)网络的农牧交错带景观分区——以内蒙古自治区为例. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24 (5): 1224- 1230. | |
Han Y N , Peng J , Wang Y L . Landscape regionalization of agro-pastoral transitional zone using self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) network: a case study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chinese. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24 (5): 1224- 1230. | |
黄麟, 祝萍, 肖桐, 等. 近35年三北防护林体系建设工程的防风固沙效应. 地理科学, 2018, 38 (4): 600- 609. | |
Huang L , Zhu P , Xiao T , et al. The sand fixation effects of Three-North Shelter Forest Program in recent 35 years. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38 (4): 600- 609. | |
雷相东, 符利勇, 李海奎, 等. 基于林分潜在生长量的立地质量评价方法与应用. 林业科学, 2018, 54 (12): 116- 126.
doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20181213 |
|
Lei X D , Fu L Y , Li H K , et al. Methodology and applications of site quality assessment based on potential mean annual increment. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54 (12): 116- 126.
doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20181213 |
|
林玉英, 胡喜生, 邱荣祖, 等. 基于Landsat影像的NDVI对植被与影响因子交互耦合的响应. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49 (10): 212- 219.
doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.10.024 |
|
Lin Y Y , Hu X S , Qiu R Z , et al. Responses of landsat-based NDVI to interaction of vegetation and influencing factors. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49 (10): 212- 219.
doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.10.024 |
|
刘冰, 龚维, 宫文宁, 等. 三北防护林体系建设面临的机遇和挑战. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28 (9): 1679- 1683. | |
Liu B , Gong W , Gong W N , et al. Opportunities and challenges in the construction of the Three-North Shelterbelt Program. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28 (9): 1679- 1683. | |
刘丹, 李玉堂, 洪玲霞. 基于最大熵模型的吉林省主要天然林潜在分布适宜性. 林业科学, 2018, 54 (7): 1- 15. | |
Liu D , Li Y T , Hong L X , et al. The suitability of potential geographic distribution of natural forest types in Jilin Province based on maximum entropy models. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54 (7): 1- 15. | |
刘军会, 高吉喜. 气候和土地利用变化对中国北方农牧交错带植被覆盖变化的影响. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19 (9): 2016- 2022. | |
Liu J H , Gao J X . Effects of climate and land use change on the changes of vegetation coverage in farming-pastoral ecotone of Northern China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19 (9): 2016- 2022. | |
卢娜. 柴达木盆地湖泊面积变化及影响因素分析. 干旱区资源与环境, 2014, 28 (8): 83- 87. | |
Lu N . Changes of lake area in Qaidam basin and the influence factors. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2014, 28 (8): 83- 87. | |
马林. 草原生态保护红线划定的基本思路与政策建议. 草地学报, 2014, 22 (2): 229- 233. | |
Ma L . Basic thoughts and policy suggestions of delimiting grassland ecological protection red line. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22 (2): 229- 233. | |
孟猛, 倪健, 张治国. 地理生态学的干燥度指数及其应用评述. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28 (6): 853- 861.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2004.06.015 |
|
Meng M , Ni J , Zhang Z G . Aridity index and its applications in geo-ecological study. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2004, 28 (6): 853- 861.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2004.06.015 |
|
邵全琴, 樊江文, 刘纪远, 等. 重大生态工程生态效益监测与评估研究. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32 (11): 1174- 1182.
doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.11.1174 |
|
Shao Q Q , Fan J W , Liu J Y , et al. Approaches for monitoring and assessment of ecological benefits of national key ecological projects. Advances in Earth Science, 2017, 32 (11): 1174- 1182.
doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.11.1174 |
|
沈维, 张林, 罗天祥. 高山林线变化的更新受限机制研究进展. 生态学报, 2017, 37 (9): 2858- 2868. | |
Shen W , Zhang L , Luo T X . Advances in the study of the limitations of seedling recruitment for alpine timberline forests. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37 (9): 2858- 2868. | |
孙然好, 张百平. 地形和气候对中国山地森林带界线的影响. 地理科学, 2016, 33 (2): 167- 173. | |
Sun R H , Zhang B P . Effect of regional topographic and climatic factors on limits of altitudinal forest belts. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 33 (2): 167- 173. | |
王襄平, 张玲, 方精云. 中国高山林线的分布高度与气候的关系. 地理学报, 2004, 59 (6): 871- 879.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2004.06.009 |
|
Wang X P , Zhang L , Fang J Y . Geographical differences in alpine timberline and its climatic interpretation in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59 (6): 871- 879.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2004.06.009 |
|
王洋, 魏加华, 解宏伟. 基于GRACE的柴达木盆地水储量变化. 南水北调与水利科技, 2018, 16 (1): 91- 98. | |
Wang Y , Wei J H , Xie H W . Study on the variation of terrestrial water storage in the Qaidam basin based on GRACE data. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2018, 16 (1): 91- 98. | |
位姗姗, 王洋, 于飞. 林线更新关键影响因子研究进展. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38 (11): 3535- 3541. | |
Wei S S , Wang Y , Yu F . Research advances in key factors affecting seedling regeneration above treeline. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2019, 38 (11): 3535- 3541. | |
魏天兴, 王晶晶. 黄土区蔡家川流域河岸林物种多样性研究. 北京林业大学学报, 2009, 31 (6): 49- 53. | |
Wei T X , Wang J J . Diversity of riparian vegetation in the Caijiachuan Watershed of the Loess Plateau, southwestern Shanxi Province, northern China. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2009, 31 (6): 49- 53. | |
吴泠, 张新时. 松嫩平原农牧交错区牧草资源特点及畜牧业发展. 生态学报, 2004, 26 (2): 601- 609. | |
Wu L , Zhang X S . Characters of forage resources and the development of pastoral industry in the farming pastoral zone of the Songnen Plain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 26 (2): 601- 609. | |
于晓华, 方创琳, 罗奎. 丝绸之路经济带陆路边境口岸城市地缘战略优势度综合评估. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39 (5): 967- 978. | |
Yu X H , Fang C L , Luo K . Integrated evaluation of the advantage value of geopolitical strategy of frontier port cities under the background of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Arid Land Geography, 2016, 39 (5): 967- 978. | |
张川红, 沈应柏, 尹伟伦, 等. 盐胁迫对几种苗木生长及光合作用的影响. 林业科学, 2002, 38 (2): 27- 31.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2002.02.006 |
|
Zhang C H , Shen Y B , Yin W L . Effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and growth of four tree species seedling. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2002, 38 (2): 27- 31.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2002.02.006 |
|
张学玲, 张莹, 牛德奎, 等. 基于TMNDVI的武功山山地草甸植被覆盖度时空变化研究. 生态学报, 2018, 38 (7): 2414- 2424. | |
Zhang X L , Zhang Y , Niu D K , et al. Spatial-temporal dynamics of upland meadow coverage on Wugong Mountain based on TM NDVI. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38 (7): 2414- 2424. | |
Bohacz J . Species diversity of keratinophilic fungi in various soil types. Open Life Sciences, 2012, 7 (2): 259- 266.
doi: 10.2478/s11535-012-0008-5 |
|
Cao S X , Chen L , Shankman D , et al. Excessive reliance on afforestation in China's arid and semi-arid regions: lessons in ecological restoration. Earth-Science Reviews, 2011, 104 (4): 240- 245.
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.11.002 |
|
Chung I M , Kim J K , Yang J H , et al. Effects of soil type and organic fertilizers on fatty acids and vitamine in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer). Food Research International, 2017, 102, 265- 273.
doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.003 |
|
de Martonne E . The aridity index. Bulletin of the Association of French Geographers, 1926, 3 (9): 3- 5. | |
Elith J , Phillips S J , Hastie T , et al. A statistical explanation of maxent for ecologists. Diversity and Distributions, 2011, 17 (1): 43- 57.
doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00725.x |
|
Fan M , Lal R , Zhang H , et al. Variability and determinants of soil organic matter under different land uses and soil types in eastern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020, 198, 104544.
doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104544 |
|
Huo Z , Dai X , Feng S , et al. Effect of climate change on reference evapotranspiration and aridity index in arid region of china. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 492, 24- 34.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.011 |
|
Nicholson S . The influence of soil type on the relationships between NDVI, rainfall, and soil moisture in semiarid Botswana. Ⅱ. NDVI response to soil moisture. Remote Sensing Environment, 1994, 50 (2): 121- 133. | |
Phillips S J , Anderson R P , Dudík M , et al. Opening the black box: an open-source release of Maxent. Ecography, 2017, 40 (7): 887- 893.
doi: 10.1111/ecog.03049 |
|
Salghuna N N , Prasad P R C , Kumari J A . Assessing the impact of land use and land cover changes on the remnant patches of Kondapalli reserve forest of the eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing & Space Science, 2018, 21, 419- 429. | |
Steinhausen M J , Wagner P D , Balaji N , et al. Combining sentinel-1 and sentinel-2 data for improved land use and land cover mapping of monsoon regions. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2018, 73, 595- 604.
doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2018.08.011 |
|
Wang Y H , Xiong W , Gampe S , et al. A water yield-oriented practical approach for multifunctional forest management and its application in dryland regions of China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2015, 51 (3): 689- 703.
doi: 10.1111/1752-1688.12314 |
|
Wang Y H , Yu P T , Zhang S L , et al. Effects of forest area increase on water yield on the Loess Plateau and Liupan Mountains Region of Northwest China. Forest Research, 2018, 31 (1): 15- 26. | |
Xie X H , Liang S L , Yao Y J , et al. Detection and attribution of changes in hydrological cycle over the three-north region of China: climate change versus afforestation effect. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2015, 203, 74- 87.
doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.01.003 |
|
Zenebe M , Habtamu T , Teshale W , et al. Land use and land cover changes and the link to land degradation in Arsinegele district, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 2018, 12, 1- 9.
doi: 10.1016/j.rsase.2018.07.012 |
|
Zhang Y , Peng C H , Li W Z , et al. Multiple afforestation programs accelerate the greenness in the 'Three North' region of China from 1982 to 2013. Ecological Indicators, 2016, 61 (2): 404- 412. |
[1] | 欧阳林男,陈少雄,刘学锋,何沙娥,张维耀. 赤桉在中国的适生地理区域及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(12): 1-11. |
[2] | 厉静文,郭浩,王雨生,辛智鸣,吕永军. 基于MaxEnt模型的胡杨潜在适生区预测[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(12): 133-139. |
[3] | 幸泽峰, 李颖, 邓荣鑫, 朱红雷, 付波霖. 基于ZY-3影像的农田防护林自动提取[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(4): 11-20. |
[4] | 王志刚, 辛智鸣, 赵英铭, 马学献, 陈峰, 乌拉, 肖彩虹. 我国绿洲防护林冬季相防风效应的估算[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(8): 90-96. |
[5] | 王志刚, 赵英铭, 司芳芳, 陈传松, 马学献, 陈峰. 绿洲防护林立木蓄积量指数及其应用[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(7): 113-120. |
[6] | 阎恩荣, 王良衍, 李修鹏. 基于树种功能性状改造浙东沿海低山抗风雪冰冻防护林的效果[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(6): 98-106. |
[7] | 殷晓洁, 周广胜, 隋兴华, 何奇瑾, 李荣平. 辽东栎林潜在地理分布及其主导因子[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(8): 10-14. |
[8] | 于洋, 贾志清, 朱雅娟, 赵淑伶, 刘艳书, 刘海涛, 李清雪. 高寒沙地植被恢复区乌柳人工防护林对土壤的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(11): 9-15. |
[9] | 赵英铭, 辛智鸣, 王志刚, 马学献, 吴立伟. 绿洲林网区上层动力速度与防风效应估算[J]. 林业科学, 2013, 49(10): 93-99. |
[10] | 陈俊华;龚固堂;朱志芳;吴雪仙;慕长龙. 小流域防护林体系的空间对位配置[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(2): 38-47. |
[11] | 赵东;杨喜田;樊巍;高喜荣;王齐瑞. 杨树农田防护林带单木叶面积的变化[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(4): 107-113. |
[12] | 樊巍;赵东;杨喜田;王齐瑞;杨海青. 杨树农田防护林带单木枝面积的变化[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(10): 184-188. |
[13] | 杨洪晓王学全卢琦郭建英杨文斌褚建民. 行带式柠条锦鸡儿林在内蒙古四子王旗退耕还草工程中的应用[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(11): 36-42. |
[14] | 孔正红 董卉卉 陈 希 王开运; 李宏庆. 崇明岛沿岸防护林结构与功能空间异质性分析[J]. 林业科学, 2009, 12(4): 60-64. |
[15] | 韩广轩 王光美 张志东 李秋艳 薛钦昭. 烟台海岸黑松防护林种群结构及其随离岸距离的变化[J]. 林业科学, 2008, 44(10): 8-13. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||