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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 178-190.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210119

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

核桃矿质营养研究进展

宫峥嵘1,3,王一峰1,王瀚1,李唯1,2,耿明建3,*,张文明4,5,刘露6   

  1. 1. 陇南师范高等专科学校农林技术学院 成县 742500
    2. 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院 兰州 730070
    3. 华中农业大学资源与环境学院 武汉 430070
    4. 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院 兰州 730070
    5. 美国爱荷华州立大学农业与生物系统工程系 艾姆斯 50010
    6. 陇南师范高等专科学校宣传统战部 成县 742500
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-08 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 耿明建
  • 基金资助:
    国家星火计划项目(2015GA860002);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(2016ZFTG13);甘肃省教育厅高等学校创新能力提升项目(2019A—190);陇南市科技指导性计划项目(2019-ZD-09);陇南市科技指导性计划项目(2019-ZD-11)

Research Progress on Mineral Nutrition of Walnut

Zhengrong Gong1,3,Yifeng Wang1,Han Wang1,Wei Li1,2,Mingjian Geng3,*,Wenming Zhang4,5,Lu Liu6   

  1. 1. Department of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Longnan Teachers College Chengxian 742500
    2. College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070
    3. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070
    4. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070
    5. Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, Iowa State University, USA Ames 50010
    6. Publicity and United Front Department of CPC Committee, Longnan Teachers College Chengxian 742500
  • Received:2020-01-08 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-03-10
  • Contact: Mingjian Geng

摘要:

核桃是世界上栽培最广泛的坚果树种和重要的木本油料作物,近年来,我国核桃栽培规模快速扩大,但单位面积产量相对较低,养分管理措施不利是主要原因之一。本文通过综合国内外公开报道的核桃生产文献,梳理其矿质营养研究成果,以明确核桃生长的适宜土壤环境和矿质营养特征,厘清核桃必需矿质元素的营养功能及丰缺效应,为通过高效养分管理和施肥实践促进我国核桃产业提质增效提供参考。核桃对土壤环境适应性较强,强酸、强碱和盐害土经过改良也可丰产。核桃生产对矿质养分的需求较高,成年树体大量元素含量高低依次为钙、氮、钾、镁、磷、硫。以仲夏叶片含量为指标整理成年核桃主要矿质元素的丰缺标准,描述养分胁迫产生的生理性病症及其发生时期。氮、磷、钾缺乏会显著影响幼树生长,一些非生理性病害增多可能与磷、钙营养异常有关,核桃对硼和氯敏感,过量易产生毒害。已有证据显示,氮、钾、钙、硼、锌、铜与核桃产量品质形成联系紧密,磷、镁、铁、锰的产量品质效应量化尚待进一步明确。在分析核桃矿质营养研究难点、归纳发达国家工作经验基础上,提出我国核桃矿质营养研究与实践中需要加强和改进的方向。

关键词: 核桃, 矿质营养, 生长, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Walnut is the most widely cultivated nut tree species, as well as an important woody oil crop in the world. In recent years, the cultivation scale of walnut in China has expanded rapidly, but the yield per unit area is relatively low. Inadequate nutrient management measures are one of the major reasons. In this paper, we review the literature relevant to walnut production at home and abroad, summarize the research results of walnut mineral nutrition, and clarify the suitable soil environment and mineral nutrition characteristics of walnut growth, and the nutritional functions and abundance and deficiency effects of essential mineral elements in walnut, so as to provide reference for improving quality and efficiency of walnut industry through high-efficiency nutrient management and fertilization practice. Walnut has a strong adaptability to the soil environment, and even the ameliorated soil with strong acid, strong alkali and high salt can also produce high yield. Walnut production has a relatively high demand for mineral nutrients, and the contents of marcoelements in adult trees are in the order of Ca, N, K, Mg, P and S. The abundance and deficiency standards of major mineral elements in adult walnut trees were sorted out according to the content of the elements in midsummer leaves, and the physiological disease symptoms caused by nutrient stress and their occurrence period were described. N, P and K deficiency can significantly affect the growth of young trees. The increase of some non-physiological diseases may be related to the abnormal nutrition of P and Ca. Walnut is sensitive to B and Cl, and their excessive supply is easy to cause toxicity. It has been proved that N, K, Ca, B, Zn and Cu are closely related to the quality and yield of walnut, however the roles of P, Mg, Fe and Mn need to be further clarified. Based on the analysis of the research difficulties in walnut mineral nutrition and the summary of the working experience in developed countries, some research and practice suggestions on walnut mineral nutrition in China are put forward.

Key words: walnut, mineral nutrition, growth, yield, quality

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