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林业科学 ›› 2007, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (09): 23-26.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20070905

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

苹果树 Valsa malicola 的发现及其致病性研究*

王旭丽 臧睿 王磊 康振生 黄丽丽   

  1. 西北农林科技大学植物保护学院和陕西省农业分子生物学重点实验室 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2007-01-09 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-09-25 发布日期:2007-09-25

The Occurrence of Valsa malicola on Apple Trees and Its Pathogenicity

Wang Xuli,Zang Rui,Wang Lei,Kang Zhensheng,Huang Lili   

  1. College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture,Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100
  • Received:2007-01-09 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-09-25 Published:2007-09-25

摘要:

从苹果树腐烂病病斑上分离得到分离物,其在PDA培养基上菌落颜色为乳白色,30 d未形成产孢体,在37℃高温下不能生长。在20%苹果树皮煎汁培养基(ABA)上于25℃培养6 d即可形成大量微小(直径0.1~0.5 mm)的产孢体,每皿(直径9cm)数量平均达140~250个。根据其在枝条上产生的有性型和无性型子实体的形态特征,鉴定为 Valsa malicola Z.Urb.及其无性型 Cytospora schulzeri Sacc.&P.Syd。进一步的ITS序列聚类结果也表明,陕西各分离株与美国和南非的 V.Malicola 聚为一类。采用菌丝块接种烫伤的离体苹果枝条(秦冠、富士),发现其在伤口部位扩展缓慢、病斑面积很小,但8~9 d后仍可形成大量产孢体,而常见的致病种 v.Ceratosperma 形成的病斑面积很大,在接种后20 d才能在接种枝条上形成产孢体。

关键词: 苹果树, 形态特征, rDNA-ITS, 致病性

Abstract:

Valsa canker is a distructive disease on apple trees and causes severe economic losses.Five isolates showing different colony color,as compared with common species of Valsa canker pathogen,were found in Shaanxi among 150 isolates from China.The colony color of the isolates on PDA were milk white and no growth under 37℃.A conidiomata was not found in the culture period (30 d) on PDA.But many small conidiomata were produced at 6 d on 20%ABA medium and yellow to brown cirrhi was secreted.There were about 140~250 conidiomata in one plate (diameter 9 cm)and the average size were 0.1~0.5 mm.The isolates were identified as Valsa malicola (anamorph C.Schulzeri) by fruiting body morphological characters,such as ascostromata and conidiomata.Furthermore,the ITS sequence analysis showed that 5 isolates from Shaanxi were clustered to the same group with V.Malicola from USA and South Africa.After inoculating 2-year-old twigs with V.Malicolaisolates by ironing wound,the small canker were developed and conidiomata were formed 8~9 days after inoculation on aDpie cuhivar‘Qinguan’and‘Fuji’.The disease developed very slow,compared to that caused by V.Ceratosperma,which developed much more faster and caused large,typical canker symptoms and produced conidiomata after 20 days after inoculation.

Key words: Malus pumila, morphologic characteristics, rDNA&mdash, ITS, pathogenicity